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李克强在联合国粮农组织的演讲（全文）Fulltext:LiKeqiang'sspeechattheFAOheadquarters10月15日，罗马，李克强总理访问联合国粮农组织总部并发表演讲。ChinesePremierLiKeqiangdeliversaspeechattheheadquartersoftheFoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNationsinRomeonOct.15,2014.2014年10月15日，国务院总理李克强在位于罗马的联合国粮农组织总部发表题为《依托家庭经营推进农业现代化》的演讲。演讲全文如下：ChinesePremierLiKeqiangdeliveredaspeechattheheadquartersoftheFoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNationsinRomeonOct15,2014.FollowingisthefulltextofLi'sspeech:依托家庭经营推进农业现代化——在联合国粮农组织的演讲中华人民共和国国务院总理李克强（2014年10月15日，意大利罗马）PromoteAgriculturalModernizationThroughFamilyFarmingRemarksbyH.E.LiKeqiangPremieroftheStateCouncilofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaAttheFoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNationsRome,15October2014尊敬的格拉齐亚诺总干事，女士们，先生们，朋友们：Director-GeneralJoséGrazianodaSilva,LadiesandGentlemen,DearFriends,很高兴在金秋时节来到联合国粮农组织总部，参加第34个世界粮食日系列活动。刚才，一进粮农组织大楼，我就看到一层大厅墙壁上多种语言镌刻的“FoodforAll”——人皆有食。这是粮农组织的神圣使命，也是世界各国的共同目标。长期以来，联合国粮农组织与世界粮食计划署、国际农发基金，紧紧围绕这一目标，帮助成员国以多种形式发展农业，为供养世界几十亿人口作出了十分突出的贡献。在此，我谨代表中国政府和人民，对粮农组织等机构、在座的各位和你们的同事所作出的不懈努力表示高度赞赏，对所取得的卓越成就表示诚挚敬意！ItgivesmegreatpleasuretobehereattheheadquartersoftheFoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations(FAO)inthisgoldenautumnseasontoattendtheeventforthe34thWorldFoodDay.UponarrivingattheFAObuildingminutesago,Isawthemulti-lingualinscription–FoodforAll–inthehallofthefirstfloor.FoodforallrepresentsthenoblemissionoftheFAOaswellasthecommongoalofallcountries.Overtheyears,theFAO,theWorldFoodProgram(WFP)andtheInternationalFundforAgriculturalDevelopment(IFAD),withastrongcommitmenttothisgoal,havehelpedthememberstatestodevelopagricultureinmultipleforms,thusmakingoutstandingcontributiontofeedingthebillionsofpeopleinourworld.Hereby,Iwishtoextend,onbehalfoftheChinesegovernmentandpeople,greatappreciationtotheFAOandotherinstitutions,andtoallofyoupresentandyourcolleaguesforyourunremittingefforts,andsincererespectfortheremarkableachievementsyouhavemade.今年世界粮食日的主题是“家庭农业：供养世界，关爱地球”。我认为这个主题既立足现实，又着眼长远，勾画出了全球农业发展的美好愿景。依靠家庭农业解决吃饭问题，也符合中国的实际。2000多年前中国的先哲说过，“民以食为天”，这也是长久以来中国人所奉行的理念。大家都知道，中国人口多、人均耕地少，让十几亿人民吃饱饭，是我们最大的事情，也曾经是最大的难题。我年轻时在中国农村生活多年，亲身经历过吃不饱饭的艰难岁月。吃一顿饱饭可能很快就会忘记，但饥饿留下的印象永生难忘。30多年前中国实行改革开放，就是从农村改革开始的。我们通过改革实现了农业大发展，粮食产量由3亿多吨增加到6亿多吨，成功解决了人民的温饱问题。这里有一条最基本的经验，就是发展家庭农业。Thethemeofthisyear'sWorldFoodDayisFamilyFarming:Feedingtheworld,caringfortheearth.Ithinkthisthemeisbasedonrealitiesandfocusesonthefutureaswell,anditchartsabrightfutureofglobalagriculturaldevelopment.EnsuringadequatefoodsupplyforthepeoplethroughfamilyfarmingalsosuitsChina'srealities.Over2,000yearsago,China'sphilosopherssaid,foodisthefirstnecessityofthepeople,andthisisalsowhattheChinesehavealwaysbelievedin.Asisknowntoall,Chinahasahugepopulationbutlowper-capitaarablelandavailability.TofeedtheoveronebillionChinesepeopleisourtoppriorityandwasoncethebiggestchallengewehadtoface.WhenIwasyoung,IlivedinChina'sruralareasforsomeyears,andpersonallyexperiencedthehardtimeofnothavingenoughfood.AbigmealthatIhadmightbeeasilyforgotten,butthefeelingofhungerleftmealifelongimpression.Infact,China'sreformandopening-upthatbeganover30yearsagowaslaunchedfromruralareas.Sincethen,wehavebeenabletoachievegreatagriculturaldevelopmentthroughreformandChina'sgrainoutputhasincreasedfromover300milliontonstoover600milliontons,successfullyresolvingthesubsistenceissueofthepeople.Andapieceofmostfundamentalexperiencewegotwastodevelopfamilyfarming.上世纪80年代初的农村改革，最主要的就是推行家庭承包经营制度。这项改革，把农户确立为农业经营的主体，赋予农民长期而有保障的土地使用权和经营自主权，几亿农民的生产积极性迅速调动起来，每个人的力量都得到充分发挥，短短几年农业生产就迈上一个大台阶。在此基础上，几亿人摆脱了贫困，并提前达到联合国千年发展目标。近十年，中国粮食连续增产，今年又丰收在望。这些成绩的取得，家庭农业功不可没。Inruralreformsthatstartedintheearly1980s,themostimportantpartwastopromotethehouseholdcontractsystem.Throughthisreform,ruralhouseholdsbecamethemainstayoffarmingandfarmersweregivenlong-termandguaranteedlanduserightandoperationalindependence,thusrapidlyunleashingtheenthusiasmofhundredsofmillionsoffarmersforproductionandgivingscopetothecapabilitiesofindividualfarmers.Asaresult,agriculturalproductionmadehugeheadwayinjustafewyears.Buildingonthat,hundredsofmillionsofpeoplehavebeenliftedoutofpovertyandtheUNMillenniumDevelopmentGoalshavebeenreachedaheadofschedule.Intherecentdecade,Chinahasenjoyedcontinuousincreaseingrainoutput,withyetanotherbumperharvesttobeexpectedthisyear.Withoutfamilyfarming,theseachievementswouldnothavebeenpossible.30多年来，中国家庭农业能够不断焕发出新的活力，也与科技、政策等创新密不可分。我们建立了一整套农业科技推广体系，大面积推广优良品种、农业机械，推广设施农业。仅杂交水稻一项，每年就带来数千万吨的增产。我们大力鼓励农民合作社、专业农户、企业公司以及政府服务组织等，为农民提供农业机械作业、农产品加工流通等服务。每年都有数十万台农业机械像候鸟一样，在中国大地上往返迁徙。当小麦成熟的时候，大批联合收割机一路由南往北，追赶着季节，为农民提供小麦收割服务，既解决了农民家庭机械作业的难题，也提高了农业机械的使用效率。中国政府还不断增加农业投入，支持建设农业基础设施、改善生产条件，农田有效灌溉率已提高到50%以上，农业抗灾能力不断增强。WealsoowetheconstantnewvigorinChina'sfamilyfarmingoverthepast30-plusyearstoinnovationinscience,technologyandrelevantpolicies.Wehaveestablishedawholesystemfordisseminatingagriculturalscienceandtechnologyandextensivelypromotedqualityvarieties,agriculturalmachineryaswellascontrolled-environmentagriculture.HybridricealonehasincreasedannualoutputbytensofmillionsoftonsinChina.Wegreatlyencouragefarmers'cooperatives,specializedf