一.Can、could•1.表能力、能够(现在,过去时)•Someofuscanusethecomputernow,butwecouldn’tlastyear.•2.can表请求和许可•1)表请求时,口语中常用could代替can使语气更委婉,回答时用can•---Can/CouldIuseyourdictionary?•---Yes,youcan.No,youcan’t.•2)表示“许可”,可与may换用•Youcangohomenow.•3.表推测。表惊讶、怀疑、不相信。用于否定,疑问句和感叹句。•Iamsureyoucan'tplayitwell.•Howcanyousaythat?•惊异,不相信•4.客观可能性常用于肯定的陈述句中,表示理论上的或习惯上的可能性,”有时可能会”,不涉及具体事件。•Everybodycanmakemistakes.•5.could+have+done本可以做但没做表示对过去能做而未做的事情感到惋惜,遗憾Couldnothavedone不可能做•It’sapity.Yourclasscouldhavegotthefirstprize.•Ifhestudiedhardrecently,hecouldn'thavefailedtheexam.二.May、might1)表示允许或征询对方许可,允许,有“可以”之意,一般疑问句否定回答用can’t/mustn’t。在请求对方许可时,如果MightI…?就比用MayI…?语气更婉转些,MayIhaveadancewithyou?--Yes,youmay/can.--No,youcan’t/mustn’t.(2)表示推测,可能性,多用于肯,否句,“或许”、“可能”之意,如果用might表示可能性更小,may/mighthavedone表示对过去的事情进行可能的猜测Theymaybeinthelibrarynow.Marymayhavegonetotheconcertlastnight.3).may表祝愿Mayyousucceed三.Must•(1)must表示义务或强烈的劝告说话人主观上“必须”、“应该”之意,其否定式mustnot,缩写形式为mustn‘t,表示“不应该”,“不准”、“不许可”或“禁止”之意•Wemuststudyhardandmakeprogresseveryday.•Youmustn‘ttouchthefire.•(2)以must提出的疑问句否定回答用needn't或用don't(doesn't)haveto(不必)来回答,而不用mustn't,mustn't表示的是“禁止”或“不许可”之意,•---Mustwefinishtheworktomorrow?---No,youneedn’t/don’thaveto,butyoumustfinishitinthreedays.•(3)must:表推测用于肯定句(十分肯定)“一定…,肯定…”Bettymustbeinthenextroom.•4).表某人非得或偏偏做某事•Mustyoumakesomuchnoise?四.Will•(1)will用于第二人称疑问句,表请求或征求意见,would语气委婉•1)Willyoulendmeyourbook?•2)Wouldyoulikeacupoftea?•(2)用于各人称,可以表示“意志”或“决心”,(would用于过去情况)•Iwillberightherewaitingforyou.•Iwouldgowithhimifhesavedmybrother.•(3)will可以表示一种习惯性的动作或某种倾向,有“总是”或“会要”之意,would可以表示过去的习惯动作,比usedto正式,并没有“现已无此习惯”的含义•Everymorninghewillhaveawalkalongthisriver.•Everyevening,shewouldsitbywindow,deepinthought.•4)多用于否定句中,表示“不肯、就是不•Thisdoorwon’topen.•(5)表示公用能力“能”•Theroomwillseat100persons.•(6)表猜测,will主要用于第二、三人称,willbe(对目前情况的推测),willhavedone(将来完成)。would表料想或猜想,wouldhavedone本想做而没做•Maybebythenyouwillhavechangedyourmind.•五。Shall•1.shall用于一、三人称疑问句。征求意见或请求。•Shallwedance?•2.Shall用于二、三人称:表说话人给对方的许诺、命令”、“警告”、“强制”、“威胁”...•Heshallgofirst,whetherhewantstoornot.•Ifyoudowellinyourstudy,youshallgetagift.•Heshallbepunishedforwhathehasdone.•3.Shall与第三人称连用,在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定,意为“应该、必须”•Ithasbeenannouncedthatallpeopleshallremainintheirseatsuntilallthepapershavebeencollected.•六。should•1)should的意思是“应该”,表示给出建议或忠告询问建议。•Youshouldlearnfromeachother.•2)表推测,往往有一定根据“按道理应当”有把握•Weshouldarrivebeforedark.我们按说能在天黑前到达.•Theroadsshouldbelesscrowdedtoday.今天路上不致於那麽拥挤了.•3.表示惊讶。意为“竟然”•Thatheshouldspeaktoyoulikethatisquiteastonishing.他竟然这样对你说话,实在让人吃惊.4)Should(not)havedone表示过去没有做到本来应该做的事情,或是做了本来不应该做的事情。•Youshouldhavegivehimmorehelp.•5.shouldVsoughtto(should:主观原因;oughtto:客观原因)•Asstudents,weshouldstudyhard.•Heoughttobepunishedbecausehebrokethelaw.•七。Need需要dare•做情态动词时用于否定和疑问句。•Weneedn'ttalk.•Wedon'tneedtotalk.dare有其过去时dared.•doesn’tdare(to)do•Idaren'tgohome.•Idoesn’tdaregohome.•八.hadbetter+动词原形•Itisraininghardoutside.You’dbetternotgoout.•一、表示对过去事情的推测或估计•1.musthavedone“想必或肯定已经做了某事”•eg:Thegroundisratherwet,soitmusthaverainedlastnight.•2.may/mighthavedone“可能/大概已经做了某事”•eg:Tommayhavegonetoshanghai,butIstillnotsureaboutit.•3.can’t/couldn’thavedone“不可能已经做了某事”•Thegroundisverydry,soitcan’thaverainedlastnight•注:在疑问句中can/could表示对过去情况的疑问性•推测,“可能已经…了吗?”•Someonemusthavebrokenintoourbedroom,•Whocouldhavedoneit?•1)语气部分:(以下情态动词语气由强至弱)•肯定句:must、may、might(=could)•否定句:can’t(=couldn’t)、mayn’t、mightn’t疑问句:can、could(语气更加委婉不确定)(2)时态部分:be/do表示对现在的推测havedone表示对过去的推测bedoing表示对正在进行的推测•二、表示对过去所发生事情的遗憾或责备•1.should/oughttohavedone“过去本该做而没做•IreallyregrettedwastingthehourswhenIshouldhavestudiedhard,butitwastoolate.•2.shouldn’t/oughtn’ttohavedone•“过去不该做的事却做了”•I’mverysorryforthewordsIshouldn’thavesaidtoyouatthatmoment.•3.could/mighthavedone“本来能够做的事却没做•Hecouldhaveworkedouttheproblem.•4.needn’thavedone“原本不必做的事却做了”•Yourhomeisnotfarfromyourschool,soyouneedn’thaveleftinsuchahurry.•5.Wouldratherhavedone“本想做却未做成”•IwouldratherhavecometohelpyouwithyourEnglish,butIwastoobusyatthattime.•