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Non-restrictiveattributiveclauses非限制性定语从句-----赵老师who/thatWhoishe?*Theman______issittingthereisBradPitt.**Theman—————————shespeakstoisBradPitt.Theman______shespeaksisBradPitt.towhomwho/whom/that/-Whoisshe?Cecilia,______tookweight-losspills,nowrealizesthathealthisimportant.Cecilia,_______bodyisthin,stillwantstolosesomeweight（减肥）.whowhose限制性定语从句与先行词之间不用逗号隔开；非限制性定语从句与先行词之间一般用逗号隔开。Mycousinwhosefatherisateacherwantstobeanactor.Mycousin,whosefatherisateacher,wantstobeanactor.1.A.ThisistheplacewhereIlivedtenyearsago.B.Theschool,whereIoncestudied,wasbuiltthirtyyearsago.2.A.HeisamanwhoIcanaskforhelp.B.Hisfather,whoworksinBeijing,camebackyesterday限制性定语从句和先行词关系密切，如果去掉从句，剩余部分意义不完整；非限制性定语从句只是先行词的附加说明，如果去掉从句，意义仍然完整。1.Ihaveasisterwhoworksinahospital.我有一位在医院工作的姐姐。2.Ihaveasister,whoworksinahospital.我有一位姐姐，她在医院工作。3.Allthemagazinesherewhichhavebeautifulpicturesinthemwerewrittenbyhim.里面有漂亮图画的那些杂志是他写的。4.Allthemagazineshere,whichhavebeautifulpicturesinthem,werewrittenbyhim.所有的杂志都是他写的，里面都有漂亮的图画。有时同一个限制性从句变为非限制性从句会改变全句的意思（不只一位姐姐）（只有一位姐姐）（杂志有带图画和不带图画两类）（杂志只有一种）Fillintheblankswithproperrelativewords.1.Thefamousbasketballstar,_____isanAmerican,cametoChinayesterday.2.Inthosedays,sheusedtogotoMrblack,with_____shehadawonderfultime.3.Iboughtacaryesterday,_____costmealot.4.Xi’an,______Ivisitedlastyear,isaniceoldcity.5.HewillcometoseemenextJuly,___hewon’tbesobusy.6.Theschool,_______Ioncestudied,wasbuiltthirtyyearsago.7.Johnsaidhe’dbeenworkingintheofficeforanhour,_______wastrue.whowhomwhichwhichwhenwherewhich•Arethesesentencesattributiveclauses?Hetoldmeastory,whichisalreadyknowntoall.Hecamelate,whichmadetheteacherangry.Hemissedthemovie,whichwasagreatpity.“which”canbeusedtoreferto__________________.Heissuchacleverboy____cansolveallthequestions.Thisissuchaninterestingbook____interestsallstudents.Thisissodifficultaquestion____noonecanworkout.Heissopopularaperson___weallliketotalkwith.Iboughtthesamecar___heisdriving.1.Heisahardworkingstudent,___weallknow.2.Hehaswonfirstprize,____weallexpected.3.____wehoped,hecametohelpus.4.___wasplanned,theworkwasfinishedontime.“as”canbeusedtorefertoawholesentence.Which和as引导非限制性定从时的用法区别：1.which引导的非限制性定从不能置于句首，而as非限定从可放在句首，句中或句末。2.由as构成的常见搭配如：asweallknow,asisknowntoall,asissaidabove等表“正如…”之意，而which不能。3.As引导的从句在意义上一般不与主句意义相背离。as引导的非限制性定语从句一些固定句型：1．ashasbeensaidbefore如上所述2．asmaybeimagined正如可以想象出来的那样3．asiswellknown众所周知4．aswasexpected正如预料的那样5．ashasbeenalreadypointedout正如已经指出的那样6．asweallcansee正如我们都会看到的那样Eg.Asisknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsaroundtheearthonceeverymonth.Asisoftenthecase(情况通常如此），wehaveworkedouttheplan.Asisreportedinthenewspaper,talksbetweentwocountriesaremakingprogress.What’sthedifferencebetween“which”and“as”whentheyrefertoawholesentence?Structure:“as”canbeusedinfrontofthesentenceAswasexpected,wewonthegame.Wewonthegame,aswasexpected.Meaning:“as”alwaysmeans:正如…一样Hemissedtheshow,whichwasagreatpity.Heinvitedmetodinner,whichmademehappy.非限制性定语从句中关系代词which/as可指整个主句的意思或一部分意思。As引导的定语从句既可以位于句末，也可以位于句首或句中。Aseveryoneknows,Chinaisacountrywithalonghistory.正如大家所知，中国是一个有着悠久历史的国家。Sheisateacher,asisclearfromhermanner.她是位教师，这一点从她的举止可以清楚地看出。Moreexamples3。非限制性定从还能将整个主句作为先行词，对其进行修饰，这是从句谓语动词用第三人称单数。eg.HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme.eg.Liquidwaterchangestovapor,whichiscalledevaporation.典型例题Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,_____,ofcourse,madetheothersenvy(嫉妒)him.(2004,天津卷)A.whoB.thatC.whatD.whichDCarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,_____personally(就我个人而论)Idoubt(怀疑)verymuch.(1999)A.itB.thatC.whenD.whichD关系代词：which/who/whom/whose/as关系副词：when/where(非限制性定语从句中不用关系词that；非限制性定语从句中关系词不能省略)非限制性定语从句中通常使用下列关系代词和副词在ofwhich/whom之前可以使用表达数量或定位的数词或代词。1.Iamdoingdifferenttypesofexercises,allof_______arequitehelpfultomyhealth.2.Manypeople,someof______arenotoverweight,aregoingondiets.3.Thereare54studentsinmyclass,threeof________comefromUS.Otherexampleswhichwhomwhom典型例题Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%________aresoldabroad.(2004,辽宁卷)A.ofwhichB.whichofC.ofthemD.ofthatAIt’sthesameinChina---manypeople,someofwhomarenotoverweightatall,arealwaysgoingondietortakingweight-losspills,whichareoftendangerous.Thebookwaswrittenin1946,________theeducationsystemhaswitnessedgreatchanges.AwhenBduringwhichCsincewhenDsincewhen高考回放•TheEnglishplay_______mystudentsactedattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess.(2004,全国卷I)A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhichC•Thereweredirtymarksonhertrousers_______shehadwipedherhands.(2004，全国卷II)A.whereB.whichC.whenD.thatA1.Ihavemanyfriends,some_______arebusinessmen.(2005，全国II卷)A.whyB.fromwhichC.whoofD.ofwhomD2．Ifashophaschairs_______womencanparktheirmen,womenwillspendmoretimeintheshop.(2005，上海卷)A.thatB.whichC.whenD.whereD3．Iwalkedinourgarden,_______TomandJimweretyingabigsignontooneofthetrees.(2005,辽宁卷)A.whichB.whenC.whereD.thatC4.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthatschool.Itisnolongerwhatitwas20yearsago,______itwassopoorlyequipped.(2005，安徽卷)A.whenB.whichC.whatD.thatA5.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,_______surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.（2005，浙江卷）A.whichB.thatC.thisD.itACompletethefollowingp