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哈尔滨理工大学学士学位论文-I-基于PLC步进电机控制系统摘要随着微电子和计算机技术的发展，步进电机的需求量与日俱增，它广泛用于打印机、电动玩具等消费类产品以及数控机床、工业机器人、医疗器械等机电产品中，其在各个国民经济领域都有应用。研究步进电机的控制系统，对提高控制精度和响应速度、节约能源等都具有重要意义。步进电机是将电脉冲信号变换成机械角位移的一种装置，每个脉冲使转轴步进一个步距角增量，输出角位移与输入脉冲数成正比，转速与输入脉冲成正比，转速与输入脉冲频率成正比。步进电机的控制方式简单，属于开环控制，且无累积定位误差，有较高的定位精度，而PLC作为一种工业控制微机，是实现电机一体化的有力工具，因此基于PLC的步进电机控制技术已广泛用于数字定位控制中。本控制系统的设计，由硬件设计和软件设计两部分组成。其中，硬件设计主要包括步进电机的工作原理、步进电机的驱动电路设计、PLC的输入输出特性、PLC的外围电路设计以及PLC与步进电机的连接与匹配等问题的实现。软件设计包括主程序以及各个模块的控制程序，最终实现对步进电机转动方向及转动速度的控制。本系统具有智能性、实用性及可靠性的特点。关键词：步进电机、PLC、转速控制、方向控制哈尔滨理工大学学士学位论文-II-SteppingmotorcontrolsystembasedonPLCAbstractWiththedevelopmentofmicroelectronicsandcomputertechnology,thesteppermotorisincreasingdemanded,whichiswidelyusedinprinters,electrictoysandotherconsumerproducts,andCNCmachinetools,industrialrobots,medicalequipmentandotherelectricalmachineryproducts,andisappliedinthenationaleconomyinvariousfields.Researchingofsteppermotorcontrolsystemtoimprovethecontrolaccuracyandresponsespeed,energyconservationissoimportant.SteppermotorisadevicewhichwilltransformelectricalpulsesintomechanicalangulardisplacementsothatShaftofeachpulsetoastepanglesteppingincrement,SOoutputangulardisplacementisproportionaltotheinputpulses,speedisproportionaltotheinputpulsespeedandspeedisproportionaltoinputpulsefrequency.Steppermotorcontrolissimple,isopen-loopcontrol,andnoaccumulationofpositioningerror,ahighpositioningaccuracy,andthePLCasanindustrialcontrolcomputer,isapowerfultoolfortheintegrationofthemotor,Therefore,thesteppermotorcontrolbasedonPLCtechnologyhasbeenwidelyusedfordigitalpositioningcontrol.Thecontrolsystemconsistsofhardwareandsoftwaredesignoftwoparts.Amongthem,thehardwaredesignincludestheworkingprincipleofsteppermotor,steppermotordrivecircuitdesign,PLCinputandoutputcharacteristics,PLCandPLCexternalcircuitconnectionwiththesteppermotorandmatchingProblem.Softwaredesign,includingthemainprogramandeachmoduleofthecontrolprogram,ultimatelyrealizesonthesteppermotorrotationdirectionandrotationspeedcontrolThissystemhastheintelligence,practicalityandreliabilityfeatures.Keywords：Steppermotor,PLC,speedcontrol,directioncontrol哈尔滨理工大学学士学位论文-III-目录摘要......................................................................................................................IAbstract...............................................................................................................II基于PLC步进电机控制系统..............................................................................I第1章绪论........................................................................................................11.1课题背景..................................................................................................11.2问题的提出..............................................................................................21.3设计目的及系统功能..............................................................................2第2章PLC及步进电机的概述........................................................................42.1PLC的基本概念.....................................................................................42.2PLC的基本结构.......................................................................................42.3PLC的特点...............................................................................................52.4步进电机的特性......................................................................................72.5步进电机的种类......................................................................................72.6反应式步进电机的控制..........................................................................82.7本设计所用步进电机............................................................................12第3章硬件电路设计......................................................................................143.1硬件设计思路........................................................................................143.2总设计图框............................................................................................143.3外围电路设计及分析............................................................................153.4LED数码显示器电路.............................................................................233.5步进电机控制系统电路图....................................................................25第4章软件的设计..........................................................................................274.1可编程序控制器的工作原理................................................................274.2存储空间的计算....................................................................................28第5章PLC控制程序设计.........................................................................295.1PLC提供的编程语言.............................................................................295.2PLC实用驱动电源控制环节.................................................................31结论....................................................................................................................35致谢....................................................................................................................37参考文献........................................