搜索
高考英语单项选择题解题方法湖南英语高考自去年以来,单项选择题注重对语法基础知识极其运用能力的考查,不再将词义辨析题(含短语动词)和交际用语列为单选题的考查范围,将其分别纳入完形填空和听力部分考查.命题趋势:1.考查基础语法知识.2.考查语法知识的运用能力.命题特点：１．注重语境,强调运用．２．涉及知识面广，涵盖了冠词﹑形容词﹑副词﹑动词﹑非谓语动词﹑定语从句及状语从句等。动词一直是考查的重点。３.语境设置更为真实﹑自然﹑巧妙。词汇﹑语法知识越考越活。解题策略归纳为以下四法：1.题眼法。2.还原法。3.一致法。4.标点法。一.题眼法题眼法即语境分析法。“眼”指的是题干中的解题关键信息，一旦抓住了它，就能掌握选择的依据。在解题时同学们应树立全局观和整体观，认真分析语境准确理解和把握信息并关注关键词句找出突破口。例如：(1)----Istherefogintheevening?----There____be.I’llmakeaphonecalltofinditout.A.mustB.wouldC.willD.might(2)MostoftheEuropeansrefusetoacceptGMfood____Americansregarditasthefruitfromhightech.A.whenB.asC.whileD.themoment(3)Unfortunately,whenIdroppedin,DoctorLi____forBeijingtojoininthefightagainstSARS,soweonlyhadtimeforafewwords.A.justleftB.hadjustleftC.isjustleavingD.wasjustleaving(4)Isthereanypossibilityofthefilm____inParisInternationalFestival.A.beingtriedoutB.tryingoutC.triedoutD.totryout(5)____,butheinsistedthathe____toschool.A.Thoughhewasill;wentB.Havingbeenill;wentC.Havingbeenill;shouldgoD.Hewasill;goDCDAD二.还原法还原法，即句子结构分析法。很多高考单项选择题考点实为难度较小的简单句，但命题人往往通过加长句式，将陈述句改为疑问或感叹等句型，使用插入语，采用倒装和省略等手段使简单的句式复杂化,以增加干扰因素。解题时，同学们应通过句型分析弄清题干的来龙去脉，还原简单句的本来面目。主要有如下八种还原方式：1.将疑问句还原成陈述句。例如：Whomisitupto____thematter?A.decideB.todecideC.decidingD.decided解析：将题干还原为陈述句：答案为：Itisuptosb.todecidethematter.B2将感叹句还原成陈述句。例如：_____rolesheplayedinthefilm!NowondershehaswonanOscar.A.HowinterestingB.HowaninterestingC.WhatinterestingD.Whataninteresting解析：将题干还原为陈述句：因此答案为：3将被动语态还原成主动语态。例如：Ourtimeshouldbemadefulluseof_____.A.studyB.studiedC.studyingD.tostudy解析：将题干还原为成主动语态：因此答案为：Sheplayedaninterestingroleinthefilm.DWeshouldmakefulluseofourtimetostudy.D4将倒装语序还原成正常语序。例如：Hereisanotebook,inwhich_____thenamesofthevisitors.A.writeB.writtenC.werewrittenD.waswritten解析：将题干还原为正常语序:因此答案为：5将强调句式还原成一般句式。例如:Itwas____thatresultedintheterriblecaraccident.A.becauseofhercarelessnessB.herbeingcarelessC.becauseshewascarelessD.shewassocareless解析：将题干还原为一般句式:因此答案为：Thenamesofthevisitorswerewritteninthenotebook.CHerbeingcarelesswasresultedintheterriblecaraccident.B6将先行词还原到定语从句中。例如:Thestudyyouhavebeenmaking_____theancientChinesecharactersisaninstructivejob.A.toB.forC.ofD.from解析:把定语从句先行词thestudy还原回从句中得出:因此答案为:7删除附加结构,将复杂句还原成简单句。例如:Johnplaysfootball____,ifnotbetterthan,David.A.aswellB.aswellasC.sowellD.sowellas解析:将插入语ifnotbetterthan删除得出:因此答案为:YouhavebeenmakingthestudyoftheancientChinesecharacters.CJohnplaysfootballaswellasDavid.B8将省略句还原成完整的句子。例如:-----DoyouknowwhatTomdoesallday?-----IknowhespendsatleastasmuchtimewatchingTVashe____hislessons.A.isdoingB.doesC.spendsinD.doesdoing解析:将连词as后的从句还原完整,得出:此句中的spends可用来代替.因此答案为:doesD…ashespends(in)doinghislessons.三.一致法一致法是另一种句子结构分析法,即在解题时我们要注意句子前后的关系要一致,包括主谓一致,时态一致,代词一致,比较对象一致等等,以此找到解题的突破口.例如:1.Themanrushedoutoftheroom,____intohiscarandstartedithurriedly,____togethomeassoonaspossible.A.got;hopedB.getting;andhopedC.got;hopingD.getting;hoped解析:C从and可知,此题考查三个谓语动词rushed,got和started的并列,时态要一致,所以第一空要填got,而第二空hoping是伴随状语.2.Writteninahurry,_________.A.PetermademanymistakesinthepaperB.TherearemanymistakesinthepaperC.wefoundsomemistakesinthepaperD.thepaperisfullofmistakes解析:3.ThinkingaboutthefactthatIwasnotpreparedwellenough,and____tolosemyface,Igaveupthisyear’scivilserviceexam.A.didn’twantB.notwantedC.notwantingD.nottowant解析:分词做状语时其逻辑主语必须与主句的主语保持一致.此题中writteninahurry的逻辑主语应该是paper所以选择主语一致的项。此题考查and连接的两个并列状语,前后形式要一致,notwanting,与前面的thinking一致,故选择DC1.四.标点法在解答单项选择题时标点符号的作用不可忽视.在做题时一个标点符号可能就决定了一个题的答案.例如:1.OurfirstdestinationwasIndianGreekinKansas.____wasthenthefrontier.A.ThatB.WhichC.WhatD.Then解析:2.Everyonewasontimeforthemeeting—_____Chris,who’susuallytenminuteslateforeverything.A.butB.onlyC.evenD.yet解析:AC从前后句间的句号可知,后半句是独立的句子而非从句,因此不可以在句首使用从属连词.故答案为从破折号可知,符号后面的内容是对前面句子的补充说明。故答案为3.Theybelievethatthespiritsarewiththebodyofthedeadpersonforthreedays;____there’salwayssomeonetostaywiththedeadbody.A.duringwhichtimeB.duringwhichC.duringwhenD.duringthistime解析:由分号可知后半部分应该是一个独立的句子.故答案应为D总之,高考单项选择题尽管只有十五个小题,但考查内容涉及面广并突出了综合性和语境化的特点.解题时,应结合语境,认真分析句子,灵活运用语法词汇知识,通过现象看本质,从而达到分析问题和解决问题的目的.巩固练习:()1._____,theearthmovesaroundthesun.A.ItisknownthatB.WeallknowC.WhatweknowisD.Asweallknow—()2.Duringthetestweweresupposedtostayinourseats,keepoureyesonourwork,_____toanyone.A.butcouldnottalkB.insteadofspeakingC.ratherthanspeakD.andnottospeak()3.Thecountrylifehewasusedto____greatlysince1992.A.changeB.haschangedC.changingD.havechanged()4.Noprogresswasmadeinthetradetalksasneithersidewouldaccepttheconditionsof_____.A.othersB.theotherC.eitherD.another()5.-----Itis30yearssincewelastmet.------ButIstillrememberthestory,believeitornot,_____wegotlostonarainynight.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whenDDBBB（标点法）（一致法）（还原法—删除附加结构）（题眼法）（还原法—删除附加结构）()6.When____help,oneoftensays“Thankyou.”or“Itiskindofyou.”A.offeringB.toofferC.tobeofferedD.offered()7._____hewasthelastmanIwantedtosee,Ididallinmypowertohelphim.A.AsB.NowthatC.ThoughD.However()8.Whodidtheteacher_____thearticle?A.havewrittenB.havewriteC.hadwrittenD.haswriting()9.It’sfuntoseeallthefoodIhavemade____insuchashorttime.A.eatingB.tobeeatenC.beingeatenD.eaten()10.Thespeech_____,alivelydiscussionstarted.A.