视频通信基础知识及组网议程视频通信的基本概念视频通信网络的组成视频通信标准H.320视频通信系统组网H.323视频通信系统组网视频通信的基本概念VideoConference视频会议视讯会议电视会议会议电视电视电话会议VideoCommunication视频通信会议音频视频数据虚拟会议多方参加不同地点同一会议“Howmuchisunderstood?”instantmessagingAudio-conferenceCommunicationmethod100%0%Video-conferenceFace-to-faceInsomesituations,over90%oftheinformationwegainfromotherpeopleisunspoken.远程会议远程教育远程医疗远程监控发送和接收活动视频Capture(捕捉图像)Digitise(数字化)Analyse(分析需要传送的部分)Coding(编码)Transmission(通过网络传送)Decoding(解码)Display(显示)关键词TheDIGITALworld(数字化)CODEC(编解码器)TransmissionBANDWIDTH(带宽)PictureRESOLUTION(图像分辨率)FRAMERATE(帧率)数字化0011100010001111010010010101101010101000101110101010001010100001010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010100100001111110010101CODECVideoProcessorAudioProcessorConferenceControlCommunicationsProcessorNetworkInterfaceDataFormatting&CompressionInputFormatcompressTXoutputreformatdecompressRXNetworkCODEC=COder/DECoderCodingisdifficultDecodingiseasy呼叫建立CodecA呼叫CodecB–建立初始连接–Callspeed协商–Capabilities交换–Protocols协商–Audio/Video/Data开始传送–一方挂断带宽(BANDWIDTH)传输介质传送信息(如video,audio&data)的能力一般以Kb/s(Kilobitspersecond)表示PictureRESOLUTIONPIXEL(像素)是表示色彩和亮度的最小的图像显示单位每个像素可用一个二进制字节表示VideoOverviewNTSC–NationalTelevisionStandardsCommittee–US–525linesofdatainanalogformat,60Hz–NTSC704x480(pixelsxlines)imagesizePAL–PhaseAlternatingLines–EuropeandEuropeansphereofinfluence–625linesofdatainanalogformat,50Hz–PAL704x576(pixelsxlines)imagesize–Differencesareinresolution,framerateandcolorcorrection标清(720p以下)高清(720p、1080i/p):1280×720、1920×1080帧率(FRAMERATE)使用fps(Framepersecond)表示22fps以上的帧率人眼已感觉流畅视频通信帧率与带宽的关系视频通信最大帧率:NTSC30fpsPAL25fps1frame12293030frames/second视频通信网络的组成VideoServer视频通信视频通信网络的组成网络终端(Endpoint)终端Network编解码器(CODEC)视频输入设备音频输出设备音频输入设备视频输出设备网络接口会议室型桌面型视频通信终端分类视频通信网络的组成多点控制单元(MCU)终端(Endpoint)网络MCU从终端接收音频、视频和数据混合音频选择视频源传送会议音频、视频到终端MCU功能会议画面切换导演控制语音激励主席控制自动轮询ABCDMCU(Louder)(Broadcaster)ABCDMCUMCU功能(Louder)(Broadcaster)会议画面切换导演控制语音激励主席控制自动轮询MCU功能分屏显示视频通信网络的组成视频通信网关(Gateway)网络2多点控制单元(MCU)终端(Endpoint)网络1网关功能完成不同系统间的互通地址转换参数转换数据转换视音频转换视频通信标准ITU(INTERNATIONALTELECOMMUNICATIONUNION)ITU-T(TELECOMMUNICATIONSTANDARDIZATIONSECTOROFITU)标准制订H.320窄带视频通信设备标准,适用于ISDN,DDN,E1,卫星等电路交换网络H.323基于包交换的多媒体应用标准,适用于TCP/IP网络ITU-T视频通信标准VideoH.261H.263H.264DataT.120AudioG.711G.722G.728MultiplexingH.221ControlsignalingH.242H.243H.230NetworkInterfacesV.xxX.xxI.xxLineProtocolsI.361I.363I.400H.320视频通信标准H.320视频通信标准H.320制订于八十年代高速电路交换网络呼叫速率可达2Mbps服务质量好稳定可靠价格稍贵需要专用线路成熟的产品,适合一定场合视频通信标准H.323VideoH.261H.263H.264DataT.120AudioG.711G.722G.723G.728G.729MultiplexingH.222H.225ControlsignalingH.225H.245NetworkInterfaces8802V.xxX.xxI.xxNetworkProtocolsTCPUDPIPH.323视频通信标准H.3231996年10月第一版IP网络呼叫速率已达6Mbps价格便宜使视频通信应用延伸到每个角落需要大量带宽功能定义服务质量保证目前已很成熟H.261–Videocodinganddecoding–Definedimageformat•CommonIntermediateFormat(CIF)–352pixelsx288lines•QuarterCIF(QCIF)–176x144–Refreshrates•30,15,10,7.5timespersecondVideoStandard-H.261VideoStandard-H.261IswhattraditionalvideoconferencinghasusedNeededforminimumstandardsbasedcodecH.263–Improvedvideocodinganddecoding–H.263isnotdirectlycompatiblewithH.261–CIFandQCIF–16CIF-1408x1152–4CIF-704x576–SQCIF-128x96–Refreshrates•30,15,10,7.5,6,5,4,3,2,1timespersecondVideoStandard-H.263VideoStandard-H.263Allowsformorecustomizationofvideoformats(NativeResolution)SIF(SourceInputFormat)SIF352x240iSIF352x4804SIF704x480NativeResolutionVGA(640x480)SVGA(800x600)XGA(1024x768Evendifferentaspectratios•16x9,etc….VideoStandard-H.264H.264ImprovedvideoqualityatlowerbandwidthHighervideoqualityonlowerbandwidth•E.g.H.264@384kbpsH.263@768kbps•Thus,lowernetworkcostH.264willbeworkingoverH.320&H.323networksH.264isidenticaltoMPEG-4part10–一个新的视频标准,在更低的带宽下提供更好的图像质量–采用分层技术,从形式上将编码和信道隔离–对其主要关键部件都做了重大改进,如多模式运动估计、帧内预测、多帧预测、统一VLC、4×4二维整数变换等–H.264的码流结构网络适应性强,增加了差错恢复能力,能够很好地适应IP和无线网络的应用。–在相同的图像质量下,能够比H.263节约50%左右的码率–H.264还比目前根据MPEG-4实现的视频格式在性能方面提高33%VideoStandard-H.264AudioStandardsG.711–3kHzbandwidth;48,56,or64kbpsG.722–7kHzbandwidth;48,56,64kbpsG.722.1TruevoiceCompressed–Compressedwideband7KHzrequiring24or32KbsG.723(“IPaudio”)–3kHzbandwidth;5.3or6.3kbpsG.728–3kHzbandwidth;16kbpsG.729–3kHzbandwidth;8kbpsH.323视频通信系统组网IPInternetProtocol–Basiccommunicationlanguage–Unreliable,connectionlesspacketdeliveryservice–UnidirectioncommunicationpathIPDestinationAddressIPSourceAddressIPControlInformationEthernetTCPTransmissionControlProtocol–Higherlevelcommunicationlanguage–Providesareliable,connectionoriented,duplexcommunicationpathbetweendevices–GenerallyusesIPasadeliveryserviceUsedbyH.323forControlmessagesandT.120dataIPDestinationAddressIPSourceAddressIPControlEthernetTCPControlInformationUDPUserDatagramProtocol–Higherlevelcommunicationlanguage–Providesasimple,connectionless,duplexcommunicationpathbetweendevices–GenerallyusesIPasadeliveryserviceUsedbyH.323foraudioandvideoIPDestinationAddressIPSourceAddressIPControlEthernetUDPControlInformationRTPRealTimeProtocol–EnhancementtoUDP–SupportsReal-timetraffic•Addstimestamp,sequencenumber,andidentificationinformationUse