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暑期学习一：现在完成时讲解（2）用法：1）现在完成时通常表示在已经完成的动作或持续一段的时间状态状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。（1）构成：现在完成时由助动词have+过去分词构成。第三人称单数用has，其余用have.现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前否定式疑问式Ihavenot(haven’t)studied….HaveIstudied…?Youhavenot(haven’t)studied….Haveyoustudied…?Hehasnot(hasn’t)studied….Hashestudied…?否定疑问式简单回答（肯定/否定）HaveInot(Haven’tI)studied…?Yes,youhave.No,youhaven’t.Haveyounot(Haven’tyou)studied…?Yes,Ihave.No,Ihaven’t.Hashenot(Hasn’the)studied…?Yes,hehas.No,hehasn’t.Mydaughterhasjustgoneout.我女儿刚出去。I’msurewe’vemetbefore.我肯定我们以前见过面。Shehasarrived.她到了。2）表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如already,just,for…,since…,yet等。如：Ihaven’theardfromherthesedays.这些日子我没有收到她的信。Wehaven’tseenyourecently.最近我们没有见到你。Theyhavebeenawayfortwoyears.他们离开已经两年了。ShehasbeenwithussinceMonday.★注意：a)since和for的区别since后接时间点，如1993，lastterm,yesterday,thetimeIgottherefor后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如tenyears,awhile,twodays等。Exercise:用since和for填空1.JimhasbeeninIreland______Monday.2.JillhasbeeninIreland______threedays.3.HisaunthaslivedinAustralia______15days.4.Maryisinheroffice.Shehasbeenthere______7o'clock.5.Indiahasbeenanindependentcountry______1974.6.Thebusislate.They'vebeenwaiting______20minutes.7.Nobodylivesinthosehouses.Theyhavebeenempty______manyyears.8.Mikehasbeenill______alongtime.Hehasbeeninhospital______October.（2）现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。如：Ihaven'tseenhimfortwoyears.但是，像come,arrive,buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用，必须改为“be（在）”等延续性动词来表述现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：arrive→beherebegin(start)→beondie→bedeadcomeback→bebackgetup→beupopen→beopenborrow→keepbuy→have如：Hehasbeenasoldierforthreeyears.他参军三年了。Hisfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears.他父亲去世二年了。Thefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes.电影已开始十分钟了。WehavestudiedEnglishforthreeyears.我们（开始）学英语已三年了。5.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。如对现在产生的结果或影响等，而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系。试比较：Ihavelostmynewbook.我把新书丢了。（现在还未找到）Ilostmynewbookyesterday.我昨天把新书丢了。（昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明）6.几点注意事项（1）havebeen(to)与havegone(to)的区别：havebeen(to)表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，havegone(to)表示“去某地了HehasgonetoBeijing.他去北京了。Exercise:I.Fillintheblankswiththeproperform.1.I____already____(see)thefilm.I________(see)itlastweek.2._____he____(finish)hisworktoday?Notyet.3.Myfather____just____(come)backfromwork.Heistirednow.4.Where’sLiMing?He__________(go)totheteacher’soffice.5.I__________(work)heresinceI______(move)herein1999.6.SofarI_______________(make)quiteafewfriendshere.7.Howlong________theWangs______________(stay)here?Fortwoweeks.8.I________just___________(finish)myhomework.9.He________(go)toschoolonfooteveryday.10.____you______(find)yoursciencebookyet?11.Ifit____(be)finetomorrow,I'llgowithyou.12.Thestudents____________(read)Englishwhentheteachercamein.13.Look!Themonkey__________(climb)thetree.14.Mymother__________(come)toseemenextSunday.15.I'velostmypen._________you________(see)itanywhere?II.Choosethebestanswer.1.Howlonghaveyou_______here?A.comeB.gotC.arrivedDbeen2.Mygrandpadied_________.A.attheageofmy2B.for2yearsCwhenIwas2.D.myagewas6.3.Janehas_____toBeiJing.Shewillcomebacktomorrow.A.beenB.goneC.wentD.neverbeen4.Itistenyears_____Ilastsawher.A.afterBsinceC.forD.that5.--WhowillgotothestationtomeetLorry?--Iwill.I_____herseveraltimes.A.metBhavemetC.hadmetD.willmeet6.--Whatanicedress!Howlong_____you_____it?--Just2weeks.A.will,buyB.did,buyC.are,havingDhave,had7.--DoyouknowLydiaverywell?--Yes,SheandI_____friendssincewewereveryyoung.A.havemadeB.havebecomeChavebeenD.haveturned8.TheSmiths_______inChinafor8years.A.haslivedB.livedChavebeenD.live9.--Hello,thisisMr.Greenspeaking.CanIspeaktoMr.Black?--Sorry.He______theBainiaoPark.A.hasbeentoBhasgonetoC.wenttoD.willgoto10.--____youever____totheUS?--Yes,twice.A.Have,goneBHave,beenC,Do,goD.were,going例题（）1.Whenhearrivedatthebusstop,thebus_____for20minutes.A.hasleftB.hadleftC.hasbeenawayD.hadbeenaway（）2.I______theLeaguefor5yearssofar.A.joinedB.havejoinedC.havebeenin（）3.Thefactory____sincetheFebruaryof1988.A.hasbeenopenB.hasopenedC.wasopenD.opened（）4.MaryandRose____friendssincetheymetin2000.A.havemadeB.havebeenC.madeD.havebecome（）5.Youmustn't_____untilhecomesback.A.beawayB.leaveC.beleft（）6.Themeeting_____foraweeknow.A.hasfinishedB.hasendedC.hasbeenover（）7.MissGao______thisschoolfornearly5years.A.hasbeeninB.hascometoC.hastaught（）8.Ben______ateacherfor4years.A.hasbeenB.hasbecomeC.wasD.became（）9.I______homeforaweek.A.havereturnedB.havebeenbackC.returned（）10.Howlong_______he________?A.diedB.has,diedC.has,beendead（）11.He______ateightyesterdayafternoon.A.sleptB.wassleepingC.hassleepD.hadslept（）12.He________thecarforaweek.A.boughtB.hasboughtC.hashad（）13.---Howlong_____you_____ill?---Twoweeks.A.didfallB.have,fellC.have,been（）14.Since2000,he_____hishometown.A.hasleftB.hasmovedawayC.hasbeenawayfrom（）15.I'lllendyouthebook,butyoucanonly_____itfor2days.A.borrowB.keepC.take练习[单项选择]（）1、Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey______what'shappenedtohim.A.knewB.haveknownC.mustknowD.willknow（）2、Hehas_______beentoShanghai,hashe?A.alreadyB.neverC.everD.still（）3、HaveyoumetMrLi______？A.justB.agoC.beforeD.amomentago（）4、Thefamouswriter_____onenewboo