现代主义诗歌 美国文学

ModernistPoetryBackgroundInformationSilenceofAmericanPoetryafterthedeathofWhitmanandDickinsonattheturnof20thCenturyAmericanpoetryintheGenteelTraditionofBritishRomanticismExaltationofnature,loveandlifeBreachwithrealityTraditionalformClassicalliteraryandmythicalallusion(VachelLindsay,E.A.Robinson,RobertFrost)ModernisticreforminformandimageryBackgroundInformationTwopoetictrendsT.S.Eliot—JohnCroweRansom—AllenTate(emphasisonprofoundknowledgeandEuropeanculturaltradition)EzraPound—WilliamCarlosWilliams—HildaDoolittle(emphasisnativeAmericanlandscape)BackgroundInformationDiversityofpoeticformsSymbolismImpressionismFuturismSuper-realismJapaneseHaikuFreeverse(Whitman+Sandburg/catalogue/meterlessvs.EliotandPound/rhythmandmusicality)ProsepoemimagismHarrietMonroeandLouisUntermeyerHarrietMonroePoetry:AMagazineofVerse(1912)YouandIChosePoemTheNewPoetry:AnAnthologyLouisUntermeyerModernAmericanPoetryModernBritishPoetryTheLettersofRobertFrosttoLouisUntermeyerCarlSandburgCarlSandburg“IndubitablyanAmericanineverypulse-beat.”(H.L.Mencken)SympathizerofWhitmanandworksinWhitman’stradition(barbariclanguage,overflowingofemotions)LifeofthelowerclassesandcorruptedurbancivilizationaswellasexaltationofmoderncitiesEverydaylanguageoftenoftheworkingclass,evenslangRealisticatmosphereVividimagesof“indecent”placesTheFogbyCarlSandburgTheFogThefogcomesonlittlecatfeet.Itsitslookingoverharborandcityonsilenthaunchesandthenmoveson.WorksofCarlSandburgChicagoPoems(1916)CompletePoems(1950)Cornhuskers(1918)GoodMorning,America(1928)HarvestPoems(1950)HoneyandSalt(1963)InRecklessEcstasy(1904)SelectedPoems(1926)SlabsoftheSunburntWest(1922)SmokeandSteel(1920)ThePeople,Yes(1936)VachelLindsayVachelLindsayFatherofmodernsingingpoetryPrairieTroubadour“GeneralWilliamBoothEntersintoHeaven”“TheCongo”“TheSantaFeTrail”TheChineseNightingaleandOtherPoemsTheFugitivesSouthernRenaissanceJohnCroweRansom,AllenTate,DonaldDavidson,RobertPennWarrenTheFugitives(includingEliotandPound’smodernistpoems)Southernculturaltradition(differentfromtheavant-gardesandthelostgeneration):southernprejudice,values,emotionsRevoltagainstnorthernindustrialismRevoltagainsttheromanticsentimentality;bothconservativeandrevolutionary(Tatemoreavant-garde)JohnCroweRansomAllenTateDonaldDavidsonRobertWarrenRalphEllisonAgrariansRansom,Davidson,Tate,RobertWarren(after1928)Criticismonnorthernindustrialismwhichdeprivemanofhappylifeandartisticcultivationandwhichdestroysnatureandman’srelationshipwithnatureImpracticalworshipofsouthernagriculturallifetypicaloftheslave-holdingsouthGreatinfluenceonAmericanliteratureSouthernfarmersasAdamsSelf-containedplantationastheParadiseNorthernindustrialistsandmerchantsasSatansModerncitiesasHellsWilliamFaulkner,CatherineAnnePorter,EudoraWelty,FlanneryO’ConnorImagismandImagistPoetsEzraPound,HildaDoolittle,AmyLowell,JohnFletcher;RichardAldington,F.S.Flint,D.H.LawrenceOriginofimagismCombinationofOrientalpoeticart(ChineseclassicalpoemsandJapaneseHaiku)andWesternempiricistphilosophyaswellasmodernpaintingandsculptureDiscardingofdecadenceandsentimentalityof19thpoetryH.D.AmyLowellRETURNF.S.FlintRETURNImagismandImagistPoetsPrinciplesofimagismPound’s“AFewDon’ts”F.S.Flint’s“Imagism”Directdepictionofobjects(images;formservescontent)Nouselesswordsorphrases(withoutcommentorexplanationorexclamation,nodescriptivelanguage,evennoverbsandconjuncts)UseofmusicalsentencesinsteadofrhythmicbeatsPoundturningtovorticismAmyLowellleadingimagismAmyLowell’sprinciplesofimagismEverydaylanguageCreationofnewcadenceFreechoiceofsubjectExactimagePrecisionandclarityCompactandtightnessThreeeditionsofSomeImagistPoetsanddismissionofimagismH.D.continuingimagistcreationSignofimagisminWilliamCarlosWilliams,CharlesOlson,RobertDuncan,E.E.Cummings,RobertBly,JamesWright,LouisSimpsonDavidBomberg,TheMudBathRETURNVorticistPictureEzraPoundEzraPoundFounderofimagistandVorticistpoetryTutorofyoungergenerationofpoetsandnovelists(T.S.Eliot,JamesJoyceRadicaloreccentricpoliticalviews(London—Paris—Italyandhisanti-Semitism)Expatriatepoet(Yeats,T.E.Hulme,FordmadoxFord,F.S.Flint)Theoristofnewpoetictheories(IGathertheLimbsofOsiris)CycleoflifeanddeathassymbolofpoeticcreationLiterarycriticism,essaysandconversationasaformofpoeticcreationTranslationaspoeticcreationParodyascreationMusicalpoeticscombinedwithcriticismincreationCombineroforientalandwesterncultureandliterature(JapaneseHaikuandLiBai’spoemandConfuciusandMencius)EzraPoundGeneralizationofPound’saestheticsWorshipoftheclassical(heritanceandpersonae=conversationbetweenthepastandthepresent,thewestandtheeast)InnovationCombinationofwesternandorientalculturesCriticismoftherealityRepresentativeWorksofPoundInaStationoftheMetroHughSelwynMauberley:LifeandContactsTheCantosPersonaeCathayTheapparitionofthesefacesinthecrowd;Petalsonawet,blackbough.TheRiver-Merchant'sWifeWhilemyhairwasstillcutstraightacrossmyforeheadIplayedaboutthefrontgate