美国历史__(英语演讲ppt)

HistoryoftheUnitedStatesColonizationofNorthAmerica1.TheIndians2Theearlyexploration3.TheFoundingofthethirteencoloniesTheIndiansBeforeChristopherColumbusdiscoverthenewworld.TherelivedagroupofpeoplewhichColumbusmistookforthepeopleofIndia.Thosepeople,whohadcrossedfromAsiasome2000yearsearlierleftabeautifulvirginlandscapelargelyuntouched.Theearlyexploration•AfterColumbusdiscovertheNewWorldin1492theEuropeanpowerssentmanyexplorerstothenewcontinentsandtheybegantocompeteagainsteachotherinoccupyingtheNewWorld.Asaresultoftheearlyexploration,itlaidthefoundationforthecreationofnationinNorthandSouthAmerica.Theexplorersalsoexclaimedlargeareasoflandfortheirkings.张姣姣TheFoundingofthethirteencoloniesa.Jamestownb.Massachusettsc.TheFoundingofthethirteencolonies王双Jamestown•ThefirstofBritishcoloniestoholdinNorthAmericawasJamestown（詹姆士顿）.Agroupofabout100mensetoutfortheChesapeakeBay（切萨皮克湾）in1607.TheysetupthefirstcolonizationsiteJamestown.Thissitewasdevelopedintooneofthe13colonies–Virginia（弗吉尼亚）.王双Massachusetts•In1620,inordertoescapefromreligiouspersecutionathomeagroupofpuritans（清教徒）–nowknownaspilgrimFather（移民始祖）securedalandpatentfromVirginiaCompany,thesepeoplesetoutforVirginiaonboardtheMayflower（五月花号）,AstormsentthemfornorthandlandedinNewEnglandonCapeCod（科德角）.王双TheMayflower张姣姣ThanksgivingDay•ThePilgrimFathersufferedterriblehardshipsatfirst,andhalfofthemdiedinthefirstwinter.Butthosewhosurvivedthefirstyearmanagedtoliveonfishand,withthehelpoffriendlyIndians,reapaharvestfromthelandinthesummer.Thesettlersfixedadatetocelebratetheirharvest.FirstThanksgiving-Daytocelebratetheharvest,expressingtheirthankstoGod.TheFoundingofthethirteencolonies•IttookmorethanacenturyfortheBritishtoestablishthe13coloniesalongtheAtlanticcoast.•The13weredivided,accordingtotheirgeographicallocationsfromSouthtoNorth,threesections:thesoutherncolonies,themiddlecoloniesandNewEngland.北美十三个殖民地在殖民时期，南北两种截然不同的社会制度已经产生，北部建立起小土地所有制，同时发展起了资本主义经济，南部则建立起种植园奴隶制，而中部则介于两者之间。两种不同制度的产生为19世纪中叶美国内战的爆发埋下了种子。AMERICANREVOLUTION1.Thesharpeningcontradictionbetweencoloniesandmothercountry.2.Theunityofthecolonies.3.ThefireofLexingtonandDeclarationofIndependence.4.ThewarofAmericanIndependence.5.Thesignificanceofthewar.6.TheConfederationandtheConstitution.THESHARPENINGCONTRADICTIONBETWEENCOLONIESANDMOTHERCOUNTRY.1.Thesharpeningcontradictionbetweencoloniesandmothercountry.2.TheBostonMassacre.3.BostonTeaParty.李岩THESHARPENINGCONTRADICTIONBETWEENCOLONIESANDMOTHERCOUNTRY.Withthegrowthofthecolonies,however,Englandexercisedmoreprofitsoutofhercolonies.SuchasStampAct(印花税）,TownshendActs（汤森法案）,TeaAct（茶叶税）.THEBOSTONMASSACREBostonTeaPartyTHESECONDCONTINENTALCONGRESSTheSecondContinentalCongresswasaconventionofdelegatesfromtheThirteenColoniesthatmetbeginningonMay10,1775,inPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania,soonafterwarfareintheAmericanRevolutionaryWarhadbegun.ThesecondCongressmanagedthecolonialwareffort,andmovedincrementallytowardsindependence,adoptingtheUnitedStatesDeclarationofIndependenceonJuly4th,1776GEORGEWASHINGTONGeorgeWashington(February22,1732December14,1799)servedasthefirstPresidentoftheUnitedStatesfrom1789to1797andasthecommanderoftheContinentalArmyintheAmericanRevolutionaryWarfrom1775to1783.BecauseofhissignificantroleintherevolutionandintheformationoftheUnitedStates,heisoftenreveredbyAmericansastheFatherofOurCountry”TheContinentalCongressappointedWashingtoncommander-in-chiefoftheAmericanrevolutionaryforcesin1775.DeclarationofIndependenceThomasJefferson,mainauthoroftheDeclarationofIndependenceTHEWAROFAMERICANINDEPENDENCEAtfirstAmericansufferedalotTurningpoint:greatvictoryatSaratogaWiththehelpofFranceandothercountriesAmericanfinallywintheindependence.英军司令康华利和他手下7000名英军在约克镇向美军投降THESIGNIFICANCEOFTHEWARTheAmericanWarofIndependencewasofgreathistoricalimportanceandinfluence.AnewrepublicemergedanditmarkedanewbeginningofAmericanhistory.ThevictoryoftheAmericanpeoplealsogreatlyencouragedthepeopleinthecoloniesruledbytheSpanishandpromotedthenationalliberationstruggleoftheothercoloniesintheworld.THECONFEDERATIONANDTHECONSTITUTIONConstitutionalConventionUnitedStatesConstitutionCONSTITUTIONALCONVENTIONThePhiladelphiaConvention(nowalsoknownastheConstitutionalConvention)tookplacefromMay25toSeptember17,1787,inPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania,toaddressproblemsingoverningtheUnitedStatesofAmerica,whichhadbeenoperatingundertheArticlesofConfederationfollowingindependencefromGreatBritain.辛苗苗CONSTITUTIONOFTHEUNITEDSTATESOFAMERICATheConstitutiondefinesthethreebranchesofthenationalgovernment:alegislature,thebicameralCongress;anexecutivebranchledbythePresident;andajudicialbranchheadedbytheSupremeCourt.TheConstitutionspecifiesthepowersanddutiesofeachbranch.TheexpandingofUnitedStatesThewarin1812MonroeDoctrineTheMonroeDoctrine,expressedin1823,proclaimedtheUnitedStates’opinionthatEuropeanpowersshouldnolongercolonizetheAmericasorinterferewiththeaffairsofsovereignnationslocatedintheAmericassuchastheUnitedStates,Mexico,andothers.Inreturn,theUnitedStateswouldnotinterfereinEuropeanaffairs.WesternMovementTime:theyearsfollowingtheendoft