英语写作中的常见错误

2020/6/30byWuJoy1英语写作中的常见错误2020/6/30byWuJoy2一、不一致(Disagreements)•所谓不一致不光指主谓不一致，它还包括了数的不一致、时态不一致、及代词不一致等.•例1.Whenonehavemoney,hecandowhathewantto.•(人一旦有了钱，他就能想干什么就干什么.)•剖析：one是单数第三人称，因而本句的have应改为has;同理，want应改为wants.本句是典型的主谓不一致.•改为：Onceonehasmoney,hecandowhathewants(todo)2020/6/30byWuJoy3•例2.EveryboyandgirlinGrade6areeagertowinthecontest.•不定代词anybody,everybody,each,every,anyone,nobody,somebody等，通常都跟单数谓语动词。•改为：EveryboyandgirlinGrade6iseagertowinthecontest.2020/6/30byWuJoy4Useeitherasingularorpluralformofthewordsinbracketstofillineachblank.•1.Sixtyhours____theamountofworktimeIcontractedfor.(be)•2.Thejury_______toreachitsdecisionveryquickly.(expect)•3.Hebelievesthatathletics________schoolmorale.(improve)•4.Sheisoneofthewomenwho_____thiscountrywhatitis.(make)isexpectsimprovesmake2020/6/30byWuJoy5二.修饰语错位(MisplacedModifiers)•英语与汉语不同，同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置，句子的含义可能引起变化.对于这一点中国学生往往没有引起足够的重视，因而造成了不必要的误解.•例1.IbelieveIcandoitwellandIwillbetterknowtheworldoutsidethecampus.•剖析：better位置不当，应置于句末.2020/6/30byWuJoy6•例2.Thestoryhetoldatfirstsoundedveryinteresting.•这个句子意思不明确，会让人感到难以理解。•改为：Thestoryhetoldsoundedveryinterestingatfirst.2020/6/30byWuJoy7Findanymisplacedmodifierinthefollowingsentences,andthenimprovethem•1.Theyaresweepingthefloorwearingmasks.•Wearingmasks,theyaresweepingthefloor.•2.Thedriversaretoldtodrivecarefullyontheradio.•Thedriversaretoldontheradiotodrivecarefully.2020/6/30byWuJoy8•3.ShehappilydepositedthemoneyshehasearnedteachingEnglishinhersavingsaccount.•ShehappilydepositedinhersavingsaccountthemoneyshehasearnedteachingEnglish.•4.Ialmostspenttwohoursonthisexercise.•Ispentalmosttwohoursonthisexercise.2020/6/30byWuJoy9三.句子不完整(SentenceFragments)•在口语中，交际双方可借助手势语气上下文等，不完整的句子完全可以被理解.可是书面语就不同了，句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清，这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后，笔者又想加些补充说明时发生.•例1.Therearemanywaystoknowthesociety.ForexamplebyTV,radio,newspaperandsoon.•剖析：Thisisanexamplesentenceofphrasefragment.本句后半部分forexamplebyTV,radio,newspaperandsoon.”不是一个完整的句子，仅为一些不连贯的词语，不能独立成句.•改为：Therearemanywaystoknowsociety,forexample,byTV,radio,andnewspaper.2020/6/30byWuJoy10•例2.MyparentsalwaysafraidthatImaygetlost.•Manywritersoftenforgettoputinalinkingverborauxiliaryverb,thusproducingfragmentswithoutverbs.Thisisanexample.•改为：MyparentsarealwaysafraidthatImaygetlost.2020/6/30byWuJoy11Trytocorrectthefollowingsentences:•1.Youcan’tringherupnow.Forit’salreadymidnight.•Youcan’tringherupnow,forit’salreadymidnight.•2.I’llmeetyouinthelibrary.Atfourintheafternoon.•I’llmeetyouinthelibraryatfourintheafternoon.2020/6/30byWuJoy12•3.Shestoodbythewindow.Andlookedatthestreetbelow.•Shestoodbythewindowandlookedatthestreetbelow.•4.Youeverseenherlately?•Haveyoueverseenherlately?2020/6/30byWuJoy13四.悬垂修饰语(DanglingModifiers)•所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清.例如：Attheageoften,mygrandfatherdied.这句中attheageoften只点出十岁时，但没有说明”谁”十岁时.按一般推理不可能是mygrandfather,如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确一点，全句就不那么费解了.•改为：•WhenIwasten,mygrandfatherdied.•例1.Todowellincollege,goodgradesareessential.•剖析：句中不定式短语“todowellincollege”的逻辑主语不清楚.•改为：•Todowellincollege,astudentneedsgoodgrades.•Someparticipleorinfinitivephraseslikegenerallyspeaking,Judgingby,tobefrank,totellyouthetruth,etcareusedtomodifierthewholesentence.Theyshouldnotbeconsideredasdanglingmodifiers.2020/6/30byWuJoy14Identifyanydanglingmodifierinthefollowingsentences,andthenmakeimprovementswherenecessary.•1.Onenteringtheoffice,manyquestioningeyeswerefixedontheboss.•Onenteringtheoffice,thebossmetwithmanyquestioningeyes.•2.Tobefrank,you’rereallyfunny.•3.Coveredwithsnow,Ifindthebamboomoreattractive.•Coveredwithsnow,thebamboobecamemoreattractive.2020/6/30byWuJoy15•4.Tobuyagoodcomputer,manyfactorsshouldbetakenintoconsideration.•Tobuyagoodcomputer,youhavetotakemanyfactorsintoconsideration.•5.Checkingcarefully,aseriousmistakewasfoundinthedesign.•Checkingcarefully,theyfoundaseriousmistakeinthedesign.•6.Judgingbywhatyousaid,hehasdonequiteagoodjob.2020/6/30byWuJoy16五.词性误用(MisuseofPartsofSpeech)•“词性误用”常表现为：介词当动词用；形容词当副词用；名词当动词用等.•例1.Nonecannegativetheimportanceofmoney.•剖析：negative系形容词，误作动词。•改为：•Nonecandenytheimportanceofmoney.2020/6/30byWuJoy17•1.Lifeisbeauty,happyanddifficult.•Lifeisbeautiful,happyanddifficult.•2.Everyonehashisownattitudetotreatlife.•Everyonehashisownattitudetolife.•3.Iwanthimtogowithusevenhedoesn’twantto.•Iwanthimtogowithusevenifhedoesn’twantto.•4.Thestudentsagainsttheplanmadebytheteacher.•Thestudentsareagainsttheplanmadebytheteacher.•5.Duringschool,hewrotehisfirstnovel.•Whileatschool,hewrotehisfirstnovel.•6.Straightroadsgoesstraightlyfromoneplacetoanother.•Straightroadsgoesstraightfromoneplacetoanother.2020/6/30byWuJoy18六.指代不清(AmbiguousReferenceofPronouns)•指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清，或者先后所用的代词不一致。试看下面这一句：•Marywasfriendlytomysisterbecauseshewantedhertobeherbridesmaid.•(玛丽和我姐姐很要好，因为她要她做她的伴娘。)•读完上面这一句话，读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚，谁将当伴娘。如果我们把易于引起误解的代词的所指对象加以明确，意思就一目了然了。这个句子可改为：•Marywasfriendlytomysisterbecauseshewantedmysistertobeherbridesmaid.•例1.Andwecanalsoknowthesocietybyservingityourself.•剖析：句中人称代词we和反身代词yourself指代不一致。改为：•Wecanalsoknowsocietybyservingitourselves.2020/6/30byWuJoy19Correctanymistakeintheuseof