汽车用发电机介绍

Alternator&StarterIntroduction发电机和起动机介绍发电机发电机工作原理发电机结构及主要部件功能发电机应用***发电机发电机爆炸图发电机工作原理汽车用交流发电机定义机械能转化为电能（发电机）产生三相交流电整流成直流电通过控制磁场限制输出电压发电机功能向用电设备供电同时向蓄电池充电提供发电机负荷，转速，故障等信息机械连接：通过支架安装在发动机上通常用V型多楔带或标准V型带驱动电气连接:点火开关IgnitionSwitch蓄电池Battery控制系统ControlSystem交流电产生ROTOR转子STATOR定子+-SN交流电–3相定子绕组PHASEVOLTAGE+-+120°+120°+-SN交流电整流成直流:整流桥PHASEVOLTAGE+-ExampleBridgesConvertsACvoltageintoDCvoltageAccomplishedbycommonlyusingsixdiodesDiode-anelectricalcheck-valveCurrentcanflowinonedirectionbutnottheotherAtleastthreediodesofoppositepolarityaremountedtoeachheatsink整流桥工作原理发电机电路图-单功能调节器/9管整流桥：circuitdiagrambeforestart-up：circuitdiagramafterstart-up(self-excitation)发电机电路图-多功能调节器/6管整流桥发电机电路图-激磁与预激磁8管整流器激磁二极管发电机分类发电机分类普通交流发电机和整体式交流发电机按磁场绕组供电方式：有刷和无刷按磁场绕组搭铁形式两分类（1）内搭铁型交流发电机（2）外搭铁型交流发电机（激磁）爪极式发电机和永磁交流发电机风冷和液冷–风冷：单外风扇、双内风扇、内外风扇–液冷：发动机冷却液带泵交流发电机单外风扇发电机进风出风双内风扇发电机DualInternalFan(DIF)Construction:NoexternalfanbladesCompactsizeLessnoiseAutomotivebased液冷发电机无刷发电机和有刷发电机Brush-lessalternatorsgivelongerlifebutcompromisesize,weight&efficiencycomparedtobrushdesignsSecondair-gapbetweenrotorandstationaryfieldcoilUsedwhenbrushdurabilitydoesnotmeetrequirementsBrushlessBrushAIRGAPSScrew(7)PulleyNutPulleyDEFrameDEBearingStatorAsmRotorAsmSlingerSREBearingSREFrameSREFanThruBolt(4)BearingRetainerBrushAsmSpacerInsulatorElectronicsAsmSRECover发电机部件–有刷发电机Stator定子功能：定子的功能是产生交流电。结构：定子由定子铁心和定子绕组成。定子铁心由内圈带槽的硅钢片叠成，定子绕组的导线就嵌放在铁心的槽中。定子绕组有三相，三相绕组采用星形接法或三角形接法，产生三相交流电。三相绕组的必须按一定要求绕制,才能使之获得频率相同、幅值相等、相位互差120°的三相电动势。1．每个线圈的两个有效边之间的距离应和一个磁极占据的空间距离相等。2．每相绕组相邻线圈始边之间的距离应和一对磁极占据的距离相等或成倍数。3．三相绕组的始边应相互间隔2π+120o电角度（一对磁极占有的空间为360o电角度）定子三相绕组的接法Stator定子Rotor转子功能：转子的功用是产生旋转磁场。结构：转子由轴、爪极、磁轭、激磁线圈、滑环、风扇组成。原理：当两滑环经由电刷通入直流电时，磁场绕组中就有电流通过，并产生轴向磁通，使爪极一块被磁化为N极，另一块被磁化为S极，从而形成六对相互交错的磁极。当转子旋转时，旋转的磁场使固定的电枢绕组切割磁力线而产生电动势。交流发电机的磁路为：磁轭→N极→转子与定子之间的气隙→定子→定子与转子间的气隙→S极→磁轭。发电机的主磁路RectifierBridge整流桥功能：整流桥的作用是将定子绕组的三相交流电变为直流电。结构：整流桥是由6只硅整流二极管组成三相全波桥式整流电路，6只整流管分别压装（或焊装）在两块散热板上。整流器分类：6、8、9、11、12只整流管整流管：按性能：普通式和雪崩式（齐纳式）按封装方式：压装型，纽扣型，三明治型，焊接型12管双整流桥VoltageRegulator电压调节器功能：通过控制转子磁场电流来控制发电机电压原理：ThermalAdhesivePottingmaterialMW8-chipRegulatorhousingGlueHeatSink2.2µFcapacitorPCBwithfilteringcomponentsFerriteblock电压调节器结构OnCarConnections-+DFMLECUExampleofVWOnCarConnections-+SI3214567PLExampleofGMOnCarConnections-+FLPCM/ECM发电机超越皮带轮(OAP)EngineApplicationBenefits发电机超越皮带轮(OAP)无刷发电机部件无刷发电机RotorFieldCoilSupportStatorRectifier(bridge)RotorCoreFieldCoil发电机功率选型发电机进气温度PeakTempsPre-2002:93CPost2002:105C2007Test:125CPre-2002Peak=93CPost-2002Peak=105CConclusionDefiniteMeasuredIncreasein2007AlternatorPeakInletTemps93°C2007TestRVCBSS&LIN调节器RegulatorswithspecialonewireinterfacebetweenVehicleComputerandRegulatorFunctionsoftheRegulatorareprogrammed–RVC(RegulatedVoltageControl)–VehiclesystemVoltage–BSS(BitSyncSingle-Wire)–Voltage,LRC,Fieldcurrent–LIN(LocalInterconnectNetwork)–Voltage,LRC,FieldcurrentFunctionsoftheRegulatoraresentbacktotheVehiclecomputer–RVC–AlternatorFault–BSS–AlternatorFault,Fieldcurrent,SwitchingDutyCycle–LIN–AlternatorFault,Fieldcurrent,SwitchingDutyCycle,Temp.发电机安装型式BrushlessPadMountw/TensionerHingeMountw/oTensionerIntegralBrushHolder/SlipRingShieldSplash&ContaminationprotectionofSlipRingsAlternatorsFeatures&BenefitsDirectCoil-SlipRingConnectionsLongerIncreasedreliabilitythroughreducednumberofconnectionsSRECover•Protectselectronicswhilemanagingairflow•LabyrinthwithSlipRingshieldtoprotectfromcontamination14mmSlipRings•LongerBrushLife•HigherresistancetobrushbounceSREBrgSlingerProtectsbearingfromSplash,Contamination&BrushDustPress-FitDiodes•Longerlife•Protectionfromcorrosion•LoaddumpprotectionInternalSREFanAdditionalcoolingforElectronicsandSREBrgHotForgedSegments•Increasedoutput•BettercontrolofsegmentgeometryanddimensionInternalDEFanCoolerDEBearingandsaferoperation47mmDEBearing•LongServicelife•HighBeltLoadcapacityCollarProtectsbearingsealfromwaterandcontaminantsCoilSpoolwithFlapsProtectionfromgroundedcoilMultifunctionregulator•Environ.sealedconnector•Auto-start(optional)•RemoteVoltageControl(optional)LaminationAsm•SmoothO.Dforimprovedvolumetricefficiency•ElectricalgradesteelforefficiencyimprovementIsolatedPositiveHeat-SinkLowerdiodeoperationtemperature•RectangularConductors•StackedConductorsInSlot•LessForce-thinnerInsulation•WireLengthReductionCuCuS-seriesStatorInnovationsLengthreductionIncreasedCuareaStatortoothcapsCaplessteethIncreasedironareaThickinsulationS-seriesRotorSpoolResultsPreviousS-series50%ThinnerBobbinWireCompactionAirSpaceBetweenWiresReducedAirSpaceBetweenWiresCuCu