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内部资料，请勿外传1LectureTen理科班英语语法篇（十）动词的语态动词的语态---表示谓语与主语之间的关系的动词形式叫做语态，分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者一、被动语态结构:1.行为动词的被动语态:助动词be+及物动词的过去分词.be有人称.时态.数的变化,其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样.常见几种时态的被动结构：一般现在时am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词一般过去时was/were+及物动词的过去分词一般将来时will+be+及物动词的过去分词现在完成时have/has+been+及物动词的过去分词现在进行时am/is/are+being+及物动词的过去分词情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词2.否定式:是在助动词be或情态动词后加not构成疑问式:是把上述助动词或情态动词提到主语之前,句尾加问号构成.二、被动语态的用法:1.不知道动作的执行者是谁,或没有必要或不想指出谁是动作的执行者.eg.Thewindowwasbrokenyesterday.IsEnglishtaughtinyourschool?2.强调或突出动作的承受者,此时如想同时指出动作的执行者,可用“by+动作执行者(宾格)来表示.eg.Thereddresswasmadebyhermother.Thelettermustbewrittenbyme.三、注意点：1.只有及物动词能构成被动语态,不及物动词不能构成被动语态.2.某些不及物动词与介词.副词搭配构成短语动词,带有宾语时,则有了动作的承受者,这时应把它们看作一个整体,变为被动语态,不能丢掉其中的介词,常用的有lookafter,takecareof,cutdown,laughat,talkabout,turnon等eg.Catherinealwaystakescareofthelittlegirl.→ThelittlegirlisalwaystakencareofbyCarherine.3.有些动词短语本身即是被动语态的形式,不要再加by短语,常用的有becoveredwithbesurprisedatbeinterestedinbeworriedaboutbemadeof/frombeknownto4.某些动词形式是主动语态,但含有被动的意思.eg.Thisdictionarysellswell.Thiskindofcardrivesfast.Thewoolensweatercosts$88.5.主动语态与被动语态的相互变化关系主动句:主语+谓语+宾语(动作执行者)(动作承受者)被动句:主语+谓语动词的被动形式+by+动作执行者(动作承受者)内部资料，请勿外传26.主动语态中有些动词如:make,see,listen,watch,feel后常跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,变为被动语态要带上toHemadetheboyworkforhim.→Theboywasmadetoworkforhim.7.主动语态中若有双宾语,变为被动语态时,通常把指人的间接宾语变为被动语态的主语.Hisunclegavehimadictionaryyesterday.→Hewasgivenadictionarybyhisuncleyesterday.基础练习:把下列句子变为被动句:1.Theyaskedmetocomealittlelater.→I________tocomealittlelater.2.Womenoftentalkaboutfoodandclothes.→Foodandclothes____often_____aboutbywomen.3.DotheymakethiskindoftruckinNanjing?→___thiskindoftruck_____inNanjing?4.Wemustcleanourteethtwiceaday.→Ourteethmust_______twiceaday.5.CanIanswerthisquestioninsimpleEnglish?→_____thisquestion________insimpleEnglish?6.Youmaycleantheroomafterwork.→Theroommay____________afterwork.7.Weusebroomsforsweepingthefloor.→Brooms______forsweepingthefloor.8.Theybuiltquiteafewtallbuildingsintheirhometownlastyear.→Quiteafewtallbuildings________intheirhometownlastyear.9.Youmustnotputthebikethere.→Thebike____________there.10.Canyouseethestarsinthedaytime?→Canthestars_______inthedaytime?单项选择1.Ifcitynoises____fromincreasing，people____shouttobeheardevenatdinner．A．arenotkept；willhavetoB．arenotkept；haveC．donotkeep；willhavetoD．donotkeep；haveto2.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,withartificialintelligence,are____andperfectednow.A.developedB.havedevelopedC.arebeingdevelopedD.willhavebeendeveloped3.---____thesportsmeetmightbeputoff．---Yes，italldependsontheweather．A．I'vebeentoldB．I'vetoldC．I'mtoldD．Itold4.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection___.A.hascompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted5.Rainforests___andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.A.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut6.Thenewsuspensionbridge___bytheendoflastmonth.A.hasbeendesignedB.hadbeendesignedC.wasdesignedD.wouldbedesigned7.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.wasbrokenD.hadbeenbroken内部资料，请勿外传38.Greatchanges___inthecity,andalotoffactories___.A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetupB.havetakenplace;havebeensetupC.havetakenplace;havesetupD.weretakenplace;weresetup9.Thatsuit__over60dollars.A.hadcostedB.costedC.iscostedD.cost10.—Look!Everythinghereisunderconstruction.-What’stheprettysmallhousethat__for?A.isbeingbuiltB.hasbeenbuiltC.isbuiltD.isbuilding11.—Doyoulikethematerial?—Yes,it___verysoft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt12.Itisdifficultforaforeigner____Chinese．A．writeB．towriteC．tobewrittenD．written13.Ihavenomoreletters____，thankyou．A．totypeB．typingC．tobetypedD．typed14.Takecare!Don’tdroptheinkonyourshirt,forit__easily.A.won’twashoutB.won’tbewashedoutC.isn’twashedoutD.isn’twashingout15.Nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedto___.A.beputupB.giveinC.beturnedonD.goout16.Thecomputersonthetable___ProfessorSmith.A.belongsB.arebelongedtoC.belongstoD.belongto17.—Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?—Oh,excellent.It’sworth___asecondtime.A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.beingread18.Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed___.A.catchingB.tobecaughtC.beingcaughtD.tocatch19.Thispageneeded___again.A.beingcheckedB.checkedC.tocheckD.tobechecked20.___manytimes,theboystilldidn’tknowhowtodotheexercisesA.HavingtaughtB.HavingbeentaughtC.taughtD.Teaching提高练习1.Themathsproblemcanbe______.A.easyworkedoutB.easytobeworkedoutC.easilyworkedoutD.easilytoworkout2.Everypossiblemeans______,butnoneprovessuccessful.A.hasbeentriedB.triedC.isbeingtriedD.hastried3.Thegirlisto______arichman.A.marrywithB.bemarriedC.marrytoD.bemarriedto4.Hereceivedatelegramthat______“Mothersick”.A.wroteB.saysC.readsD.read内部资料，请勿外传45.Whocanyouimagine______tohisweddingparty?A.invitingB.beinginvitedC.wasinvitedD.tobeinvited6.I______tenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.(NMET)A.gaveB.wasgivenC.wasgivingD.hadgiven7.——WillsomebodygoandgetDr.White?——He’salreadybeen______.(NMET)A.askedforB.sentforC.calledforD.lookedfor8.Aconductor______tokeepusintimeinthesingingyesterday.A.needsB.isneedingC.wasneededD.hasbeenneeded9.Whenandwheretobuildthe