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Unit4HesaidIwashard-workingGrammarLesson直接引语变间接引语面面观一、如何变人称：口诀：一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：Shesaid.Mybrotherwantstogoshoppingwithme.”→Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogoshoppingwithher.“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：：HesaidtoKate.Howisyoursisternow?”→HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen。“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：MrSmithsaid,Jackisagoodboy.“→MrSmithsaidJackwasagoodboy.二、如何变时态：直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。1)一般现在时→一般过去时态；Shesaid:”Iamastudent.”→Shesaid(that)shewasastudent.2)一般将来时→过去将来时Shesaid,Hewillgotoseehisfriend.”→Shesaidhewouldgotoseehisfriend。Tomsaid,”Iamgoingtoplaybasketballtomorrow.”→Tomsaidhewasgoingtoplaybasketballtomorrow.二、如何变时态：3)现在进行时→过去进行时；Shesaid,“Iamreadingabook.”→Shesaidshewasreadingabook.注意：以下几种情况时态不变①直接引语是客观真理。TheteachersaidTheearthmovesaroundthesun.”→Theteachersaidmetheearthmovesaroundthesunearth.③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：Jacksaid.IwasbornonApril2l,1980.→JacksaidhewasbornonApril21,1980.②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。Jacksaid.“IwasdoingchoreswhenTomcametoseeme”→JacksaidhewasdoingchoreswhenTomcametoseehim.④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：Hesaid,“Igetupatsixeverymorning。”→Hesaidhegetsupatsixeverymorning.⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式不再变（例：could,should,would,might）Thedoctorsaid,“Youshouldstayinbedfor2days.”→ThedoctorsaidIshouldstayinbedfor2days.”和已经是过去时的形式时，例：oughtto，hadbetter,usedtoPetersaid.Youhadbettercomeheretoday.→PetersaidIhadbettergotherethatday.三、如何变状语：直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规律，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”（例：now变为then,yesterday变为thedaybeforetoday变为thatdayHesaid,”Iwanttogoswimmingnow.”→Hesaidhewantedtogoswimmingthen.地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，here变thereTheteachersaid,“Youshouldcomehereat7:00.”→TheteachersaidIshouldgothereat7:00.指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”例：this改为thatHesaid,Thisbooksismine.“→Hesaidthatbookwashis.四、如何变句型：①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。Shesaid,Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes.“→Shesaidthattheirbuswouldarriveinfiveminutes.②直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.Hesaid,Canyouswim,John?“→HeaskedJohnifhecouldswim.Doyougotoschoolbybusorbybike?→HeaskedmeifIwenttoschoolbybusorbybike.③直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。Sheaskedme,Whendotheyhavetheirdinner?”→Sheaskedmewhentheyhadtheirdinner.Sheaskedme,WhatwasJackdoingwhenIcomein?”→SheaskedmewhatJackwasdoingwhenshecamein.④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“Tell(ask,order,beg等)sb(not)todosth.“句型。如：1.Don'tmakeanynoise,theteachersaidtothestudents.→Shetold(ordered)thestudentsnottomakeanynoise.2.“Openthedoor,please,saidshe.→Sheaskedhimtoopenthedoor.⑤直接引语如果是以“Let's”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest+动句词（或从句）”如：Hesaid,Let'sgotothemovies.→Hesuggestedgoingtothemovies.或Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotoseethemovies.练习1.Shesaid:”Iamsixyearsold.”2.Johnsaid:”I’llbebacktomorrow.”3.Katesaid:”IamwatchingTVnow”4.Theboysaid:”IwasbornonApril11th1982”5.“IjoinedtheLeaguein2000,”XiaoLisaid.6.“Whyareyoulate?”theteacheraskedtheboy.7Heaskedme,“Doyoulikeblackteaorgreentea？”.8.Hesaid,“pleasecomehereagaintomorrow.”9Hesaid,“Mother,theboyisverynaughty.”10Kittysaid“I’llcallagainaftersupperthisevening.”11Shesaid,“Iwillcomehereagaintonight.”12Shesaid,“Mysisterwillbebacktomorrowmorning.”13“Thechildrenhadbettergotobedearly,”shesaid.14Paulsaid,“I’mtryingtogetataxi.”15Heasked,“Areyousureyourmotherwillcome?’16Heasked,“Areyouateacherorastudent?”17Hesaidtome,“Pleasecomeagainheretomorrow.”18Hesaidtome,“Don’tdothatagain.”19Hesaid,“Whereisshegoing?”20“Wholivesnextdoor?”sheasked.21“Whereistheairport?”heasked.22.”Whathaveyougotinyourbag?”theyasked.23“Mary,whenisthenexttrain?”heasked.24“Whydidyoustopthecar,Tom?”sheasked.25“Isthereanyonehere?”heasked.26“DoyouknowMrsGreen?”heaskedme.27“ShallIwaitforthemorshallIgoon?”themanasked.28“ShallIlockthecarorleaveitunlocked?”sheasked.29“Willyoubeheretomorrow?”heaskedme.30“Wouldyouliketocomeinforadrink?”sheaskedBill.31“Couldyougivemeahand?”MrBlackaskedTom.32“You’llbebacktonight,won’tyou?”mywifeaskedme.33“Don’tswimouttoofar,children,”mothersaid.34“Pleaseletmehaveatry.”Janesaidtotheteacher.35“Dositdown,everybody.”saidthehostess.36“Pleasedon’ttakeanyrisks,”saidhiswife.37“Don’tforgettotakeyourpills,”saidmothertoherdaughter.38“Putdownyourgun,man!”saidtheinspector.39“Bequiet,girls.”saidtheoldman.40“Bringyourtextbookwithyoutomorrow,please.”Theteachersaidtoher.41IaskedWangDong“Arethereanyspellingmistakesinmyexercises?”42Johnaskedher“Canyoumakeoutthewordontheblackboard?’43Thephysicssaidtotheclass,“Theearthisround.”44“It’salovelyday,isn’tit?”Sheasked.45Heasked,“Tom,wheredidyoureadit?”46“What’sthematterwithyou?”Sheasked.47Wesaid,“Whataclevermonkeyitis!”48Hesaid“HowhappyIam!”49Theysaid,“We’velearnedaround3000Englishwordssofar..”