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八年级GrammarTeachingaims:1.Tounderstandthestructureofthepassivevoice.2.MasterPassivevoiceinthesimplepresentandpasttensesTeachingsteps:Step1Presentation1.Givestudentsapicture,presentnewwordsandphrases.2.Givestudentssomepassivesentencesintheunit,translatethemintoChinese.Step2Grammar1.被动语态和主动语态的基本概念语态是动词的一种形式，表示的是主语和谓语之间的关系。英语中的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。当主语是谓语的执行者时，用主动语态。当主语是谓语的承受者时，用被动语态。e.g.Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.我们每天都打扫教室。Theclassroomiscleaned(byus)everyday.教室每天都被(我们)打扫。被动语态的基本结构为“主语+be+及物动词的过去分词”，其中，be因主语人称和时态的不同要用其适当的形式，在be后加not可变为否定结构。一般现在时的被动语态的基本结构为“主语+is/am/are+及物动词的过去分词”。e.g.Thelittleboyislookedafterwellinthekindergarten.Thestreetsarecleanedeveryday.一般过去时的被动语态的基本结构为“主语+was/were+及物动词的过去分词”。e.g.Thewindowwasbroken.Thoseoldnewspaperswerethrownaway.被动语态的一般疑问句形式是把be提到主语之前，其他成分语序不变，句末用问号。e.g.Isyourclassroomcleanedeveryday?八年级Wasthishousebuiltlastyear?2.Summary主语be动词过去分词一般现在时Iamsupported.You/We/TheyareHe/She/Itis一般过去时Iwassupported.You/We/TheywereHe/She/Itwas3.Practice:Underlinethepassivevoiceinthefollowingsentences.1)ThecakewaseatenbyDaniel.2)Nancyboughtabookyesterday.3)ThelittledogislookedafterverywellbySimon.4)HeisreadingEnglish.5)Thecomputerisboughtbymyuncle.6)Iamwokenupbymyfathereverymorning.Keys:waseatenislookedafteramwokenupbymyfather4.被动语态的基本用法1)Noneofthebookswastakenaway.动作的执行者是泛指或者不言自明时。2)Thetoyisdesignedforchildren.在不知道动作的执行者是谁时。3)Mybikewasrepaired.需要强调动作的承受者时。4)Theproblemwastalkedaboutjustnow.出于委婉或礼貌而避谈动作的执行者时。5)MrWuislikedbyallofhisstudents.八年级在被动语态的句子中,如果我们需要指出动作的执行者,可以由by引出。注意：被动语态还可用于某些习惯用语中，如“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”、“出生于”等e.g.HewasborninNanjing.Itissaidthatthe75-year-oldmancanstilleatthreebowlsofriceforlunch.5.Practice1)TodayEnglish_______alloverChina.A.teachB.teachesC.istaughtD.aretaught2)Themeeting_______twoweeksago.A.holdB.washeldC.wereheldD.isheld3)Thethief________bythepolicelastnight.A.caughtB.iscaughtC.wascaughtD.werecaught4)Thephotos_______whenIwasyoung.A.weretakenB.wastakenC.aretakenD.istaken5)Millieismybestfriend.I___often____toherparty.A.isinvitedB.aminvitedC.areinvitedD.wasinvited6)LastyearBeijing____byabigsandstorm.A.ishitB.werehitC.willbehitD.washit6.主动语态和被动语态的句式转换主动语态转换为被动语态后，主动语态中的宾语也就是动作的承受者变成了被动语态的主语；主动语态的谓语结构变为被动语态的谓语结构“be+及物动词的过去分词形式”。主动语态中的主语，即动作的执行者之前加介词by，在被动语态中作状语。八年级如果不需要强调动作的执行者时，这个状语可以省略。主动语态主语She谓语(主动式)hurt宾语me.被动语态原宾语(改为主格)I谓语(被动式)washurtby原主语(改为宾格)her.7.主动+谓语+双宾语的句式转换主动语态主语He谓语(主动式)passed间宾me直宾abook.被动语态原直宾Abook谓语(被动式)waspassedtomeby原主语(改为宾格)him.原间宾(改为主格)I谓语(被动式)waspassed原直宾abookby原主语(改为宾格)him.e.g.Maryfeedsthedogthreetimesaday.→ThedogisfedbyMarythreetimesaday.OurclasssetuptheMusicClublastyear.→TheMusicClubwassetup(byourclass)lastyear.Didthepolicemancatchthethief?→Wasthethiefcaughtbythepoliceman?注意：1)有些动词,其主动语态形式含有被动意义。如:系动词smell,taste,sound,feel等。Thedishsmellsgood.这道菜闻起来很香。Themusicsoundsnice.这段音乐听起来不错。还有一些不及物动词,常用主动语态,和well,easily等副词连用,含有被动意义。如:read,write,draw,sell,wash,cook,clean等。Thebookssellwell.这些书很畅销。Thepenwritessmoothly.这支笔写起来很顺滑。2)在感官动词和使役动词的主动语态句式中,动词不定式的to常省去,但是在八年级被动语态中要加上to。主动语态主语Theteacher谓语(主动式)made宾语him不带to的不定式retellthestory.被动语态原宾语(改为主格)He谓语(被动式)wasmade带to的不定式toretellthestoryby原主语(改为宾格)theteacher.7.FinishExercisesA-Bonpage99-100.TheClass1,Grade8studentsaretalkingaboutthedifferentthingspeoplecandoforthepoor.Lookatthepicturesandhelpthemcompletetheirnotesusingthewordsinbracketsandthepassivevoice.Addthewordbywhennecessary.Whattheydoeveryyear1)Charityactivities_________________________(plan/tohelpthepoor).2)Leaflets__________________________________________(handout/topeopleinthestreet/volunteers).3)ToysandCDs_____________________(sell/toraisemoney).Whattheydidlastweek八年级4)Newbooks___________________________(send/tochildreninpoorareas/theClass1,Grade8students).5)Warmclothes__________________________(collect/forpoorpeople).6)Acharityshow_____________________________(hold/theStudents’Union).Keys:areplannedtohelpthepoorarehandedouttopeopleinthestreetbyvolunteersaresoldtoraisemoneyweresenttochildreninpoorareasbytheClass1,Grade8studentswerecollectedforpoorpeoplewasheldbytheStudents’UnionAmyandDanielaretalkingaboutcharities.Completetheirconversationwiththewordsinbracketsusingthepassivevoice.Amy:I’mreadingabookaboutOxfam.Daniel:Really?Pleasetellmeaboutit.Amy:OK.Oxfam___________(setup)intheUKin1942,andthefirstOxfamshop__________(open)in1948.Nowithasabout15,000shopsalloverthe八年级world.Alotofthings_________(sell)inOxfamshops,includingbooks.Themoney_______(use)byOxfamtohelppoorpeople.Daniel:That’sgood.TherearealsosomecharityprojectsinChina.Oneofthem________(call)ProjectHope.It__________(start)in1989.Withitshelp,millionsofpoorchildrenalloverthecountry__________(give)basiceducation.Amy:Yea.Manyschools__________(build)inpoorareaseachyear.Keys:wassetupwasopenedaresoldisusediscalledwasstartedweregivenarebuiltStep3Dosomeexercises把下列主动语态的句子变为被动语态,或把被动语态的句子变为主动语态。1.TomeoftenhelpsJennywhensheisintrouble.2.Iboughtacomputerlastweek.3.ThewholecakewaseatenbyEddieyesterday.4.Manytreesareplantedbystudentsandteacherseveryyear.5.Shetakesgoodcareofthechildren.Step4Homework1.Reviewthecontentsoft