基于水质目标管理的河流治理方案制定方法及其案例研究_单保庆_王超_李叙勇_李文赞

35820158ActaScientiaeCircumstantiaeVol．35No．8Aug．2015No．2012ZX07203-006SupportedbytheMajorScienceandTechnologyProgramforWaterPollutionControlandTreatmentNo．2012ZX07203-0061969—[e-mail]*BiographySHANBaoqing1969—[e-mail]*CorrespondingauthorDOI10．13671/j．hjkxxb．2015．0029．2015．J．3582314-2323ShanBQWangCLiXYetal．2015．MethodforriverpollutioncontrolplanbasedonwaterqualitytargetmanagementandthecasestudyJ．ActaScientiaeCircumstantiae3582314-2323*1000852014-08-262014-10-222015-01-19．．、、4．．．410、11、12mg·L－1COD80、55、50mg·L－1．13．．0253-2468201508-2314-10X522AMethodforriverpollutioncontrolplanbasedonwaterqualitytargetmanagementandthecasestudySHANBaoqing*WANGChaoLIXuyongLIWenzanZHANGHongStateKeyLaboratoryofEnvironmentalAquaticChemistryＲesearchCenterforEco-EnvironmentalSciencesChineseAcademyofSciencesBeijing100085Ｒeceived26August2014receivedinrevisedform22October2014accepted19January2015AbstractWaterqualitytargetmanagementisthefundamentalchoiceinourcountryforthesituationofhighandcomplexriverpollution．Althoughthegrosscontrolofwaterpollutionhasbeenstudiedforalongtimethesystematicstudyforthemethodofmakingpollutioncontrolplansbasedonwaterqualitytargetisstillscare．Inthisstudyweestablishedamethodtomakewaterqualitytarget-basedpollutioncontrolplansuitableforthenationalconditions．Thismethodwasbasedoncapacitycontrolratherthangrosscontrolandwascarriedoutinfourstepsdiagnosisofwaterenvironmentthetargetdeterminationofwaterqualityandloadallocationmeasurementsimplementationandperformanceevaluation．ThemethodwasappliedinXingtaiＲeachofFuyangＲiver．Theresultsofdiagnosisindicatedthatammoniawasthekeypollutantinthisriver．Basedonthenationalandprovincemonitoringstations4cross-sectionsoftheriverwereselectedforexamination．Threescenariosweresetaccordingtotheexistedpollutioncontrolplansinwhichammoniashouldbesmallerthan101112mg·L－1andCODshouldbesmallerthan805550mg·L－1．Wedividedthereachinto13controlunitsandcalculatedthewaterenvironmentalcapacityofeachunit．Thecurrentpollutantloadofeachunitwasalsocheckedandtheloadneededtocutwasallocatedtothedischargeoutletproportionally．Basedontheallocationresultssomemeasurementswereproposed．Thepointsourcespollutioncanbecontrolledthroughindustryanddomesticwastewatertreatmentthenonpointsourcepollutioncanbereducedbyruralsewagecontrolthepollutionloadinthewatercoursecanbereducedthroughriverbankwastemanagement．Finallytheconstructionofriverwetlandswereproposedtoreducethepollutant．KeywordswaterqualitygoalriverpollutioncontrolplanFuyangＲiverXingtai81Introduction2007．．．2070TMDLTotalMaximumDailyLoadsTMDL20052002、2005．TMDL20．TMDL2008USEPA2008．、、、TMDL、TMDLTMDL．．TMDL．Stow2011NeuseＲiverTMDL．Lebo2012．ChenTsai2010Yang2013TMDL．Lee2013NakdongＲiverTMDL．TMDL．．2070BOD“”“”、、、、、、．“”2000．“”“”“”．．2011“、、、”．2013、．．．．2Methodformakingwaterqualitygoalbasedpollutioncontrolplan2．1USEPA2008513235．．．V32．8%、V5%．、、2012．．9、、．、、．．2010“”600734602011．．41．1Fig．1Procedureofwaterquality-basedpollutioncontrolplan2．2．COD、、、．．、、、、、、2008．2．361328/．．．、、．、．．．1．．2．、．、、、．2．4．、、．1．、、．2．．．3．．．．．2．5．．．．3CasestudyinXingtaiＲeachofFuyangＲiver3．12．、、、．2011716GDP1426．3．．、、．3．2、、、、、、、、、、、、、．3．2．1、．、、．、、．、、、、．7132352Fig．2XingtaiＲeachofFuyangＲiver．、、2005—2012DO、CODCr、BOD5、NH3-N．201172012820121152DO、pH、CODCr、NH3-N、NO3-N、NO2-N、TN、TP．3．2．2、、、、、．2011、、COD、．、．3．2．3．．．、、．QUAL2K．QUAL2K．．．3．32005—2012CODCr、BOD5、4V10．1V2026%V1089%4BOD553%58%V10CODCr35%V813281010．BOD5CODCrBOD5BOD5/CODCr0．23～0．42．BOD5、CODCr．、．12005—2012Table1TheproportionofprimarypollutantsexceedingthestandardsinXingtaiＲeachduring2005—2012V0～1010～2020～3011%63%26%1BOD547%42%11%242%58%0%3CODCr66%32%3%43．43．4．12．．．．、、．21234．、、“”．V≤2．0mg·L－1COD≤40mg·L－1IV≤1．5mg·L－1COD≤30mg·L－1COD≤150mg·L－1“”2015COD≤80mg·L－1≤12mg·L－1．32．1≥75%4COD5055mg·L－11011mg·L－12≥50%4COD5055mg·L－1102Table2EstablishingbasisofwaterqualitytargetandtheexaminingresultsatthemaincontrolsectionsofXingtaiＲeachinFuyangＲivermg·L－1COD≤30≤1．5COD≤40≤2COD≤40≤2COD≤40≤2COD≤150“”COD≤80≤12COD≤80≤12COD≤80≤12COD≤80≤121≥75%COD≤50≤10COD≤55≤11COD≤55≤11COD≤50≤102≥50%COD≤50≤10COD≤55≤11COD≤55≤11COD≤50≤103≥75%COD≤80≤12COD≤80≤12COD≤80≤12COD≤80≤1291323511mg·L－13≥75%4COD80mg·L－112mg·L－1．3．4．2．、．、、、、6133．3．3Fig．3Divisionofkeycontrolunits3Table3WaterqualitytargetofthekeycontrolreachesandthewaterenvironmentalcapacityFXN1FXN2FXN3FXN4FXN5FXN6FXL1FXL2FXL3FXL4175%COD/mg·L－140405050505050505050COD/kg·d－1768．0790．44444．0140．00480．01．20017．675%/mg·L－1881010101010101010/kg·d－1153．6158．1888．928．00．096．00．20．00．03．5250%COD/mg·L－140405050505050505050COD/kg·d－1960．0988．05555．5175．00600．01．50022．050%/mg·L－1881010101010101010/kg·d－1192197．61111．13501200．3004．4375%COD/mg·L－160608080808080808080COD/kg·d－11152．01186．06667．02100720．01．80026．475%/mg·L－110101212121212121212/kg·d－1230．4237．11333．042．00144．00．4005．3023283．4．3490%．．4Table4ThecalculationresultsofthePollutantloadofXingtaiＲeachinFuyangＲiverCOD/t·a－1/t·a－14821．01230．1122．110．5459．918．330．92．9112．110．1．315．3．4．4QUAL2K3．3CODCOD40mg·L－110mg·L－1．．312．5Table5Cuttingloadallocationofthedischargingoutlets/t·a－1COD/t·a－1/t