超级电容电动公交车动力系统匹配研究与设计

上海交通大学硕士学位论文超级电容电动公交车动力系统匹配研究与设计姓名：张臣申请学位级别：硕士专业：车辆工程指导教师：陈杰2006020112345MatchingResearchandDesignofDynamicSystemofSupercapacitorBusAbstractThebusisoneofthemostimportantpublictransportationvehiclesandatthesametimeitisstillthemainpollutionsourceincity.Tobeenergyeconomyandenvironmentalprotection,traditionalbusshouldbeimproved.Electricalbusisconsideredasoneofthemostenergyeconomicandenvironmentfriendlypublictransportations.Thetrolleybus,whichisdrivendirectlybyelectricpower,isreplacedgraduallybecauseits“visionpollution”.Thesupercapacitorautomobile,akindofnewelectricvehicleandusedinselectedroad,isespeciallyfittopublictransportation.Thesupercapacitorbus,poweredonlybysupercapacitors,hasmanyadvantagessuchasquickcharge,highefficiency,longlifecycle,nopollution,andproperprice.Thisthesispresentsadeepandclearresearchondynamicsystemmatchofsupercapacitorbusandfinishesthefollowingtask:1)Summarizesthecharactersofsupercapacitor,establishesthebasicprincipalsofsupercapacitormatchandgivesmethodstomeasuretherelativeparameters;2)Researchesoncharactersofcityroadanddiscussestheoutlinetodesignsupercapacitorbus;3)Givesthebasicparametersofsupercapacitorbus,researchesonthematchingrelationshipbetweenthebusandsupercapacitorsandanalyzesthefactorswhichinfluencetheperformanceofthesupercapacitorbus;4)Matchesthestructureofdrivingsystemofsupercapacitorbus;analyzestheinfluenceofvoltagedroptodynamicperformanceandproposedmethodstocounteractthenegativeinfluence;5)Comparesdifferentchargingandcommutatingsystemsandstrategiesofbuildingchargingstation;researchesontherelationamongthemileage,chargingstationandsupercapacacitosusedinvehiclesandproposestheoptimumprincipalsformatchingchargingstationandsupercapacitorsusedinvehicles.Keywords:supercapacitor,electricbus,match,dynamicsystem2006223200322320032231Super-capacitor1.11973[1]2119902005“”20082010WTO[1]2--“”[1]1-1[1]1-1Table1-1Parametercomparisonofdifferentbatteriesawh/kgawh/lbw/kgbus$/kwh30456090200~300400~600150406080110150~350600~12003006065120130150~300300100~3006070130170150~300600~1200200~350/230269105NAC90~120/1902501902007~16NACNA/100150200800250~450155220315600NA90130140200250~450800~1200200USAB2003004001000100NAaC/3b80DODUSABC300w/kg[3-6]3[7][8]12km8min1.2“”1.3[3-8]1)2)4103)4)5671-21-2Table1-2Parametercomparisonofdifferentenergystoragedeviceswhkg-10.212020200wkg-11041061000200050500106105500200010-610-3s0.160s15h1.00.90.950.70.85NESSMAXWELL3~4wh/kg3000w/kgESMA510wh/kg3000w/kgELITSAFTCOOPERNEC1996Eltran2012km25/20001.420012002610142002810/2002101.461380V1-1Fig1-1Schematicdrawingofsupercapacitorvehicle234561.51)72)3)4)5)82.12-11V3V[5][6]1EDLC(ElectricDoubleLayerCapacitors)232-1Fig2-1Insidestructureofsupercapacitor1Electrode2Electrolyte3Currentcollector4Separator5Electrodepole6Sealedmaterial7Draintap9[10]Faraday2.22-2[9]2-21Fig2-2Equivalentcircuitryofsupercapacitor(1)2-3[10]2-322-43Fig2-3EquivalentcircuitryFig2-4Equivalentcircuitryofsupercapacitor(2)ofsupercapacitor(3)10CUmaxUminRsRLηmaxmin221()2wCUU=−2-1minmaxUqU=max2212(1)wCUq=−2-2qq1/2RL2-41max2max12201212tsCUCUiRdtη=+∫2-3222max022max1212tsCUiRdtCUη−=∫(2-4)2max1max220122201212tstsCUiRdtCUiRdtηηη−==+∫∫(2-5)50000F1.6V7~12A10A11RSRLRSRL2.3[3][15]12max2212(1)wCUqη=−3a.Rs2-5[10]b./[10]12max2212(1)WCUqη=−(2-6)WRL2-52-5721.221.28Vc.52-57252.41.6V5000010000F2.4.1CC[10]1I210s0500100015002000300040001.21.251.31.351.41.451.51.551.6Time(min)UV2-5Fig2-5Self-dischargecurveofsupercapacitor133Vmin10s42)3)1AhCCQAhQchaQdchQchaQdchdchchaQQQ−=∆2CVQVQCdchcha∆=∆=2-72.4.2QAh12Qcha10Qcha2100SOCQcha=Qcha1+Qcha23Qdch10Qdch2QdchQdch1Qdch2434QdchQAh2.4.3RsRs,[16]12-6UUci*RsUUciUUiURcs−=∆=2-82)I1kHzRsRsUs140IURss=2-72-6Rs2-7RsFig2-6MeasuringRsbyabruptFig2-7MeasuringRsbychangeofvoltageconstantACcurrent2.4.41250000F10000050000F7~12A10A100000F1518A2.4.530min7250000F2-52.4.6I110s30s60s2Ii{I/4,I/2,I,1.5I,2I,4I}Vmin1510s31)2)0.1EchaEdchchadchEE=η2-92.5163.1100[13][14]1/317123123100-250A30444-118Fig3-1Basicstructureofsupercapacitorvehicle3.23.2.1[1][17]124%-6%,193)4)0.41km2.53.5min/18km/h5)[17]16.9km120.56kw17.39kw3.2.2JK6120D3-160100Km/h752090km/h60km/hTable3-1Parametersoftrolleybusforredesignmm1196*2490*3600mm6000mm2046mm1800mm2560mm3400mm184m=240008010kg9800/28+1/70mm250040km/h1520200m[1]1TmTt,FtF03-221wgmwttriiTrTFh0==3-1:tF(N)gi0ihwr(m)mTFig3-2Forceanalysisofdrivingwheelavnr/swgariinv0=3-22FfFiFwFj,jiwftFFFFF+++=3-3FtFf,FfaacoscosfmgfG=mmmmmm98001000705514650kgaf[1]0.01422FwFw2613.0aDAVCDC0.6[1]AABHBHaVm/sFjFj=dtdumd,dFiFiGasin3Va3-3)613.0sincos(13dtdVmAVCVGVGfPaDaawdaah+++=3-4h21hhh=1h2h1h0.8895.02=h)1.11*2*5.2*6.0*613.01.11*014.0*8.9*14650(95.0*88.01)76410(133+=+=aDaAVCGfVphkw1.30=(3-5)85.01=h:)7.16*2*5.2*6.0*613.07.16*014.0*8.9*14650(95.0*85.01)613.0(133+=+=aDaAVCGfVphkw3.53=3-6205Km/h70)sincos(1aaVGVGfpaah+=)39.1*196.0*8.9*14650014.0*39.1*98.0*8.9*14650(95.0*7.01+=23kw4.63)390792554(665.01=+=(3-7)41.320wh/kg1/41/32.300RMB/wh15RMB/wh3.1kg510wh21/84.24812km1518km9Km4001000m13[12][13]3.33.3.13-2[18]Table3-2Parametersofsupercapacitorsfromdifferentcountries(wh/kg)(w/kg)ma