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语用学考试试卷I.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F):(15%)1.()Pragmaticsisthestudyoflanguageuse,andmorespecifically,thestudyofspeakermeaningasdistinctfromwordorsentencemeaning.2.()Pragmaticsconcentratesonthoseaspectsofmeaningthattakesintoaccounttheknowledgeaboutthephysicalandsocialworld.3.()ThetypicalverbalformofthepositivepolitenessstrategyinEnglishistheinterrogativewithamodalauxiliary.4.()“Jackcontinuestoactfoolishly”presupposes“Jackisactingfoolishlyatpresent.”5.()Saying“Iforgotmypen.”istheuseofon-recordstrategyforborrowingapen.6.()“And”inEnglishequalsthelogicalsign“&,”meaningplus.7.()Theconventionalimplicatureof“EvenJohncametotheparty”isthat“ItwascontrarytoexpectationthatJohncametotheparty.”8.()Acounter-factualpresuppositionmeansthatwhatispresupposedisnottrueliketheutterance“IdreamedthatIwasrich.”9.()AsocialcontrastencodedwithinpersondeixisisknownasT/Vdistinction,inwhichTrefersto“non-familiar”whileVto“familiar.”10.()Intheutterance“Let’sstartatonce,”“let’s”istheexclusive-of-addresseeuseofthefirstpersondeixis.II.Matcheachoftheitemsintherightcolumnwiththeoneintheleftcolumnbyputtinginthebracketthelettercorrespondingtotheanswer.(10%)1.JohnLanshawAustin:()a.presupposing2.GeoffreyLeech:()b.Cleanupthismess.3.HerberPaulGrice()c.independence4.Brown&Levinson()d.implicating5.presupposition()e.HowtoDoThingswithWords6.negativeface()f..I’llbebacksoon.7.commissive()g.cooperativeprinciple8.+()h.facetheory9.()i.theprojectionproblem10.performativehypothesis()j.politenessprincipleIII.Fillintheblankswithproperwords:(27%)1.Thesocialdeicticcenterreferstothespeaker’ssocial_________and__________towhichtheaddresseeandthereferentarerelated2.“There”in“Hi,howareyougettingonthere?”isa____________useofthedeicticexpression;whilein“I’dliketomovethedeskthere,”itisa___________use.3.In“Howdoyoulikethat?Hestabsyouinthebackandthenprofessestobeyourfriend,”“that”isknownas_______________reference.4.______________isaveryimportantconceptintheuseofdeixis,whichmaybe___________,nearthespeaker,or__________,awayfromthespeaker.5.Aconversationalimplicatureisgeneratedwhenoneormoreofthemaximsofcooperativeprincipleis______________withthehearer’s______________.6.Thehyperbolein“She’sthemostbeautifulgirlintheworld”canbeinterpretedasbeingproducedthroughtheviolationofthemaximof______________.7.Theblessingexpression“Happynewyear!”isanexampleof__________deixis.8.Accordingtopolitenesstheory,themore____________thelinguisticformis,thehigherdegreeofpolitenessithaswhenusedtomakearequest.9.Thelocutionaryactofanutteranceisconcernedwiththebasicactofits____________form;whiletheillocutionaryactwithits____________.andtheperlocutionaryactwithits_____________.10.Thefinalphrase“Iguess”in“Itwillclearuptomorrow,Iguess.”iscalleda__________devicethatexemplifiesthespeaker’sobservationofthemaximof___________.11.Insaying“Idon’tknowifthisisimportant,butsomeofthefilesaremissing,”thespeakerisobservingthemaximof________________.12.AccordingtoHalliday,languageplaysthreefunctions,namely______________function,_____________function,and______________function,13.Asimpleutterancelike“I’mtired”mayhavedifferentpragmaticmeaningsindifferentcontexts.Writeoutthesentencesemanticmeaning，twoofitspossiblepragmaticmeaningsandthecorrespondingcontextstheyarein.thesemanticmeaning:____________________________________________pragmaticmeaning1:_____________________________________________(therelevantcontext):_____________________________________________pragmaticmeaning2:_____________________________________________(therelevantcontext):_____________________________________________IV.BrieflyanswerTWOofthefollowingquestions(around50-60wordsforeach)Writeyouranswerontheothersideofthepaper.(Attention:Indicateyourchoicesamongthequestionsbywritingtheircorrespondinglettersatthebeginningofyouranswers.).(48%)a)Itisstronglybelievedthatbackgroundknowledge,towhichcultureiscloselyrelatedculture,playsaveryimportantroleincommunication.Whatimplicationsdoyouthinkthisbeliefhasforinterculturalcommunicationandforeign/secondlanguageteaching?b)Inwhatwayisdeixisorspeechacttheoryorconversationalimplicaturetheoryorpresuppositiontheory,animportantaspectofpragmaticstudy?(Giveatleastoneexampletoillustrateyourdiscussion)(15%)c)Oneofthepropertiesofpolitenessisgradation.Doyouthinkthemorepoliteanutteranceis,thebetteritis?Why(not)?(15%)d)PointoutTWOofthefivefeaturesofconversationalimplicaturediscussedinclassanduseexamplestoillustratethefeatures.AnswerKeyI.1.T2.T3.F4.F5.F6.F7.T8.F9.F10.FII.1.e2.j3.g4.h5.I6.c7.f8.d9.a10.bIII.1.status,rank2.symbolic,gestural3.cataphoric4.distance,proximal,distal5.violated,knowledge6.quality7.social8.indirect9.linguistic,force,effect10.hedging,quality11.relation12.interpersonal,ideational,textual13.(omitted)IV.(omitted)