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常考应用文应用文主要指各种书信,如求职信、投诉信、申请信、邀请信、推荐信和感谢信等。按文体,书信可分为私人信件和事务信件,考试中涉及到的大都为事务信件。考生应注意书信的格式及重要书信体的写法。一、事务信件的格式英文书信的格式,尤其是正式的事务信件的格式与汉语的同类书信格式不同。就形式而言,英语的事务信件可分为三种样式:现代常用格式(modifiedform)、齐头式(blockedform)和缩进式(indentedform)。1.现代常用格式:WilliamScott(写信人姓名)CollegeofEducation(写信人地址)5284UniversityofOregonU.S.A.March20,2003(写信日期)Mr.JohnSmith(收信人姓名)235WallStreet(收信人地址)NewYork5.N.Y.16432U.S.A.DearMr.JohnSmith:(称呼)(正文)Yourstruly,(套语)Signature(手写签名)WilliamScott(打字签名)DirectorofAdmissionsandStudentAffairs(职务)Enclosure:(附件)2.齐头式:WilliamScott(写信人姓名)CollegeofEducation(写信人地址)5284UniversityofOregonU.S.A.March20,2003(写信日期)Mr.JohnSmith(收信人姓名)235WallStreet(收信人地址)NewYork5.N.Y.16432U.S.A.DearMr.JohnSmith:(称呼)(正文)Yourstruly,(套语)Signature(手写签名)DirectorofAdmissionsandStudentAffairs(职务)Enclosure:(附件)3.缩进式:WilliamSc。(写信人姓名)CollegeofEducation(写信人地址)5284UniversityofOregonU.S.A.March20,2003(写信日期)Mr.JohnSmith(收信人姓名)235WallStreet(收信人地址)NewYork5.N.Y.16432U.S.A.DearMr.JohnSmith:(称呼)(正文)Yourssincerely,(套语)Signature(手写签名)事务信件的书写可采用三种格式:现代常用格式、齐头式和缩进式。齐头式即每行第一个字母向左对齐;缩进式指信头和封内地址从第二行起每行向右缩进几个字母,正文的首行向右缩进几个字母;现代常用格式是前两种格式的折中,除正文每段首行向右缩进外,其余部分的格式与齐头式相同。事务信件一般包括6个部分:信头、封内地址、称呼、正文、结束套语和签名。如果随信寄附简历或样品等资料,还应包括附件。1.信头(Heading)信头包括写信人的姓名、地址及写信日期。考生要注意中英文地址、日期的不同顺序:中文的地址排列顺序是从大到小,而英文的则是由小及大;中文的日期排列顺序是年、月、日,而英文的则是月、日、年。2.封内地址(lnsideAddress)这里指收信人的姓名和地址,与信头的写法基本一致。若收信人担任某种行政职务,其头衔应写在姓名的下一行。3.称呼语(Salutation}事务信件中,若收信人已知,则称呼其全名或职务,若不知具体人名,则称DearSirorMadam,DearSirs或Towhomitmayconcern4.正文(TheBodyoftheLetter)正文是事务信件的核心部分,考生要首先弄清题目要求和写信目的,内容应简明扼要、条理清楚、表达正确。5.结束语(ComplementaryClose)事务信件一般都采用Yourssincerely或Yoursfaithfully为结束语。6.签名(Signiture}事务信件中,写信人的手写签名应置于打印姓名之上,打印姓名的下一行通常是写信人的头衔。例如:Sincerelyyours,Signature一一-Wi11iamWhiteGeneralEditor二、求职、求学信函求职信由三个部分组成:第一部分为引言,求职者应交待从何处获知空缺,同时明确表明对此工作感兴趣;第二部分为主体部分,求职者应针对应聘职位阐明自己的资质,重点说明自己的学历、相关工作经历及想得到该工作的原因;第三部分为结尾部分,求职者可重述希望得到该工作的愿望,同时提供必要的证明人。Sample1:DearSirorMadam:IhaveheardfromDr.JosephThomas,PittsburgUniversitythatyouruniversitywantsEnglishteacherstoteachinEnglishDepartment.IaminterestedinbeingconsideredforateachingpositioninEDforthe2003-2004schoolyear.IgraduatedfromHarrisTeacher'sCollegein1965,andhaveteachingexperienceformorethan20years.Ihaveenclosedacopyofmyresume,whichwillshowmybackground.Dr.Thomashasofferedtogiveyoufurtherinformationaboutme.Thankyouforconsideringthisapplication.Sincerelyyours,(Signature)BettyJaneMarcum申请信函常用参考用语：（一）求职信1．Iamwritingtoapplyforthepostofaprivatesecretaryadvertisedintoday’sDailyTelegragh.2.InreplytoyouradvertisementinToday’spaper,Ibegtoapplyforthepostofjuniorclerkinyourcompany.3.ImmediatelysawyouradvertisementinthepaperforanassistantmanagerIfeltitwasjustthekindofpostforwhichIhavethequalificationsandforwhichIhavebeenlookingforsometime.4.Thekindofworkinwhichyourcompanyisengagedparticularlyinterestsme.5.IfeelIhavethenecessaryqualificationsandexperienceneededforthepositionofprivatesecretarytoyourmanagingdirectoradvertisedinthepaper.6.Ishallbehappytofurnishyouwithanyparticularsthatyoumayrequire,ortoattendforinterviewatyourrequest.7.Enclosedarethreecopiesoftestimonialsasrequired.8.Theenclosedresumeindicatesmybroadexperienceintheareaofpublicrelationsandmanagementcommunications.Sample2:DearMr.N,PleaseconsidermeforthepositionofAssistantDirectorofEmployeeBenefitsinthePersonnelDivisionofEchoElectronics.IwasanadministrativeinternwithEcholastsummerand,nowthatIhavegraduatedfromtheUniversityofLouisville,Iwouldliketojoinyourcompany.Asyoucanseefromtheattachedresume,mymajorwasBusinessAdministrationwithspecialemphasisonpersonnelmanagement.Wheneverpossible,Ihavelookedforjobsandcampusactivitiesthatwouldgivemeexperienceindealingwithpeople.AsanassistantintheAdmissionsOffice,Idealtwithstudents,parents,alumni,andfaculty.Thepositionrequiredbothaknowledgeofuniversityregulationsandsympathyforotherpeople.AsaninternwithEcho,Ilearnedaboutthemanagementofacompanyatfirsthandandgainedafirmergraspofthecontributionpersonnelmanagementmakestotheoverallobjectivesofthecompany.Participantsintheinternprogramwererequiredtowriteapaperanalyzingthecompanywherewewereplaced.Ifyouareinterested,Iwillbehappytosendyouacopyofmypaper.IwouldverymuchliketoputmyinterestsandmytrainingtoworkforEchoElectronics,andIamavailableforaninterviewatyourconvenience.Sincerely,(Signature)Resume:DianeBellows1287LexingtonAvenueLouisville,KY40227EDUCATIONUniversityofLouisville,B.A.,1988Major:BusinessAdministrationwithemphasisinpersonnelmanagementMinor:EconomicswithemphasisincorporatefinanceEXPERIENCECOLLEGEOrientationleader,UniversityAdmissionsOffice,198688.Metwithprospectivestudentsandtheirparents;conductedtoursofcampus;answeredquestions;wrotereportsforeachorientationmeeting.AcademicCommittee,AlphaPhiSorority1986-88.Organizedstudyhallsandtutoringservicesfordisadvantagedstudents.AdvertisingManager,UniversityYearbook,1987.ResponsibleforsecuringadvertisingthatmadetheYearbookselfsupporting;wrotemonthlyprogressreport.SUMMERSIntern,EchoElectronics,June,1987.Spenttwoweekslearningaboutpensionplans,healthcarebenefits,employeeassociations,andworkregulationsastheyaffectemployeerelat