5_定语从句翻译(讲)

定语从句的翻译一、前置法把英语原文的定语从句翻译成带“的”的定语词组,放置于被修饰的词之前,将英语原文的复合句翻译成汉语的简单句,这种方法一般用于限制性定语从句比较短的情况。一些较短的具有描述性的非限制性定语从句也可采用前置法,但没有限制性定语从句使用得普遍。IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametotheuniversity.YesterdayIreadanovel,whichwasabouttheWarofAmericanIndependence.Amanwhodoesn’ttrytolearnfromotherscan’thopetoachievemuch.YouaretherepresentativeofacountryandofacontinenttowhichChinafeelsparticularlyclose.Whatbringsustogetheristhatwehavecommoninterestswhichtranscendthosedifferences.使我们走到一起的，是我们有超越这些分歧的共同利益。Inrecentyears,however,peoplehavebeguntobecomeawarethatcitiesarealsoareaswherethereisaconcentrationofproblems.问题成堆的地方。Helikedhissister,whowaswarmandpleasant,buthedidnotlikehisbrother,whowasaloofandarrogant.Thereisnoroyalroadtoscience,andonlythosewhodonotdreadthefatiguingclimbofthesteeppathshaveachanceofgainingitsluminoussummits.在科学上没有平坦的大道，只有不畏劳苦，沿着陡峭的山路攀登的人，才有希望达到光辉的顶点。Theyweresonsofthemenwhohadlefttheirhomesandgonetothemountainswiththeirbroadswordsbytheirsides.他们都是那些抛家舍业，身背大刀进入深山的好汉们的后代。ThispracticebookisintendedforforeignengineersorstudentsofengineeringwhohavealreadymasteredtheelementsofEnglish,andwhonowwanttousetheirknowledgeofthelanguagetoreadbooksontheirsubjects.这本练习课本是给那些已经掌握了英语基础知识而现在要利用学到的语言知识来阅读专业书籍的外国工程师或学习工程学的学生用的。二、后置法1.译成并列分句，重复英语先行词2.译成并列分句，省略英语先行词3.译成并列分句1.译成并列分句，重复英语先行词ShewillaskherfriendtotakehersontoShanghaiwhereshehassomerelatives.Thisvolumeispreparedasexamplesforwritingcompositionswhichasitwerehasbeentakenasadifficulttask…Matteriscomposedofmoleculesthatarecomposedofatoms.Thefactorydirectorhasdecidedtolayoffovertwohundredworkers,noneofwhomknowsanythingaboutit.厂长已经决定让200多名工人下岗，对此工人们本人还一无所知。InEnglish,attributiveclausesareusedextensively,someofwhichareverylongandcomplicatedinstructure.In1883anAmericanphysician,A.F.AKing,listedtwentyobservations,whichpointedtomosquitoesasafactorinmalaria.1883年，美国医生A.F.A金列举了二十个观察报告，这些报告表明蚊子是引起疟疾的一个因素。TheyarestrivingfortheidealwhichisclosetotheheartofeveryChineseandforwhich,inthepast,manyChinesehavelaiddowntheirlives.他们正在为实现一个理想而努力奋斗，这个理想是每个中国人所追求的，在过去，许多中国人为了这个理想而牺牲了自己的生命。Thinkingthatyouknowwheninfactyoudon’tisafatalmistaketowhichweareallprone.自认为知道而实际上并不知道，这是一个致命的错误，我们都容易犯这种错误。2.译成并列分句，省略英语先行词LastyearIboughtthecomputer,whichcostmeabout2,000dollars.Hemanagedtoraiseacropof200miraclepumpkinsthatweigheduptofifteenpoundseach.Afterdinner,theyresumedtheirtalks,whichcontinuedwellintothenight.Thesebooks,whichareonlyasmallpartofmycollection,IpickedupinAmerica3.译成并列分句Wewillputofftheoutinguntilnextweek,whenwewon’tbesobusy.Heblamedmeforeverything,whichIthoughtveryunfair.Evidentlyhehadthefirstqualityofanangler,whichisnottomeasurethepleasurebythecatch.他显然具备了垂钓者的最重要品质，即以钓为乐，钓多钓少无所谓。Thecomputers,whichhavemanyadvantages,cannotcarryoutcreativeworkandreplaceman.Afriendissomeonewhodrawsoutyourbestqualities,withwhomyousparkleandbecomemoreknowledgeable.朋友就是能使你表现出你自己最佳品质的人，与他在一起你就会精神焕发，更有见识。Everynationalsowantstheopportunityandprivilegeofbuyingfromforeigncountriesproductsandservicesthatarescarceorunavailableathomethatwouldbeusefulandbeneficialtoitspeople.每个国家也需要有机会和优惠权从外国购买国内稀缺或买不到的产品和劳务，这些产品和劳务一定是对本国人民有用又有利的。三.融合法Isithistoryyouarereading?Thereisamandownstairswhowantstoseeyou.“Theyarepeoplewhomustlietostayalive.”saidthemasses.“他们这些人不说谎就活不下去。”ThesewerethemeetingsthatwereengineeringKhushchev’s“resignation”ongroundof“advancingageanddeterioratinghealth”.这些会议促使赫鲁晓夫“辞职”，其理由是他的“年纪越来越大，而且健康状况日益恶化”。四.译成状语从句1.译成时间状语从句Thethief,whowasabouttoescape,wascaughtbythepolicemen.JeffsonexpressedhisphilosophyinletterstohisfriendGeneralGeorge,whowasalsobeingunfairlycriticized.Electricitywhichispassedthroughthethintungstenwireinsidethebulbmakesthewireveryhot.当电通过灯泡里的细钨丝时，会使钨丝变得很热。2.译成原因状语从句Wesupporttheopentradingsystemwhichistotheultimateadvantageofall.我们支持开放的贸易制度，因为它最终对各方都是有益的。Theambassadorwasgivingadinnerforafewpeoplewhomhewishedespeciallytotalktoortohearfrom.大使特地宴请了几个人，因为他想和这些人谈谈，听听他们的意见。Einstein,whoworkedoutthefamoustheoryofRelativity,wontheNobelPrizein1921.3.译成让步状语从句HelikesMissNancy,whodespiseshim.Heinsistedonbuyinganothercar,whichhehadnousefor.Thequestion,whichhasbeendiscussedformanytimes,isoflittleimportance.4.译成结果状语从句Iknockedatthedooroftheredhouse,whichopenedrightaway.Therewassomethingoriginal,independent,andheroicabouttheplanthatpleasedallofthem.这个方案富于创造性，独具匠心，很有魅力，所以他们都很喜欢。5.译成转折状语从句Shewasverypatienttowardsthechildren,whichherhusbandseldomwas.Allthewhile,GeorgeBush,whowasultimatelytobenefitfromthetrythatfailed,satsilentlyby,nearlyforgottenspectator.在此期间，Bush始终一言不发地坐在那里，几乎成了一个被遗忘了的旁观者，但他将在最后从这场失败的试探中获得好处。6.译成目的状语从句Hewishestowriteanarticle,whichwillattractpublicattentiontotheairpollutionhere.Chinesetradedelegationshavebeensenttomanycountries,whowillnegotiatetradeagreementswiththerespectivegovernments.中国派了不少贸易代表团前往许多国家，以便与各国政府商谈贸易协定。7.译成条件、假设偏正句Nothingisdifficultintheworldforanyone,whodarestoscaletheheight.Menbecamedesperateforwork,anywork,whichwillhelpthemtokeepalivetheirfamilies.人们极其迫切地需要工作，不管是什么工作，只要它能维持一家人的生活就行。Theremainderoftheatom,fromwhichone