苯-应急决策指导-法国CEDRE

CHEMICALRESPONSEGUIDEBENzENEUNN°:1114MARPOLclassification:Cuntil31/12/2006Yfrom01/01/2007SEBCclassification:E(Evaporator)E.U.Classification:F:ReadilyflammableT:ToxicBenzeneChemicalResponseGuide3TheinformationcontainedinthisguideistheresultofresearchandexperimentationconductedbyCedrewhichcannotbeheldliablefortheconsequencesresultingfromtheimplementationoftheinformationcontainedherein.Published:November2004practicalguideinformationdecision-makingresponseThisdocumentwasdraftedbytheCentredeDocumentation,deRechercheetd’Expérimen-tationssurlesPollutionsAccidentellesdesEaux(Cedre)withfinancialsupportfromATOFINA,TOTALandtechnicalassistancefromASA(AppliedScienceAssociates,IncUSA)andtheTechnicalCommitteeofATOFINA.benzeneBenzeneChemicalResponseGuide4AspartoftheresearchfundedbytheFrenchNavy,TOTALandATOFINA,Cedrehaspublishedaseriesofresponseguidesintendedtomitigatechemicalhazards.Theycanbeusedtoassistinanemergencyresponse,anaccidentoranincidentinvolvingavesselorabargecarryinghazardoussubstanceslikelytopollutethewatersurfaceandthewatercolumn.Theseguidesareupdatesofthe61“miniresponseguides”publishedbyCedreatthebeginningofthe90sandareintendedtoaffordrapidaccesstovitalinformation,inadditiontoprovidingrelevantbibliographicalsourcestoretrieveextrainformation.TheyalsocontaintheresultsofscenariosrelatingtoaccidentshavingoccurredintheChannel,theMediterraneanandinrivers.Thesescenariosareonlyintendedtoprovideresponseauthoritieswiththeemergencyinformationtheyneed.Eachaccidenthastobeviewedonit’sownmeritsandtheresponseauthoritieswillnotbeabletoforegoonin-situmeasures(air,water,sedimentandmarinefauna)inordertodetermineexclusionareas.Theguidesareintendedprimarilyforspecialistswhoknowwhichtechniquestouseintheeventofanemergencyinadditiontotherelevantoperationalresponsemeasures.Eventhoughourmainconcernistomitigatetheconsequencesofanoilspill,wecannotaffordtooverlookrespondersafetyandhumantoxicology.PurposeofthisguideTocontactthedutyengineeratCedre(7/24)Pleasecall:33(0)298331010NationaltoxicologysurveillancesystemintheeventofamajortoxicologicalthreatAhotlineismanned7/24byDivision7oftheGeneralDepartmentofHealth(SD7/DGS).Duringopeninghourspleasecall:Tel.:[phone]Fax:[phone]OutsidenormalworkinghourspleasecallthePrefectureorotherrelevantauthorityPoisoncontrolCentresinFranceAngers(CentreHospitalierd’Angers)Tel.:[phone]Bordeaux(HôpitalPellegrin-Tripode)Tel.:[phone]Grenoble(HôpitalAlbertMichallon)Tel.:[phone]Lille(CentreHospitalierRégionalUniversitaire)Tel.:[phone]Lyon(HôpitalEdouardHerriot)Tel.:[phone]Marseille(HôpitalSalvator)Tel.:[phone]Nancy(HôpitalCentral)Tel.:[phone]Paris(HôpitalFernandWidal)Tel.:[phone]Reims(HôpitalMaisonBlanche)Tel.:[phone]Rennes(HôpitaldePontchaillou)Tel.:[phone]Rouen(HôpitalCharlesNicolle)Tel.:[phone]Strasbourg(HôpitauxUniversitaires)Tel.:[phone]Toulouse(HôpitaldePurpan)Tel.:[phone]BenzeneChemicalResponseGuide5TableofcontentsPurposeofthisguide4AWHATYOUNEEDTOKNOWABOUTBENZENE6BFIRSTLINEEMERGENCYDATA7B1-FirstAidinformation8B2-IDcard9B3-Physicaldata10B4-Flammabilitydata11B5-Toxicologicaldata12B6-Ecotoxicologicaldata13B7-Persistenceintheenvironment14B8-Classification15B9-Specialrisks17B10-Transportation,handling,storage18CRESULTSOFACCIDENTSCENARIOS19C1-Reminderofchemicalproperties20C2-Accidentscenarios21C3-Consumptionscenarios30DRESPONSE31D1-Examplesofbenzenespills32D2-Responserecommendations33D3-Responsetechniques34D4-ChoosingPPEs35D5-Measuringequipmentandwastetreatment37ESUPPLEMENTARYINFORMATION38E1-Bibliography39E2-Glossary41E3-Acronyms45E4-Usefulinternetaddresses47Annexes49Annex1:Summaryandadditionalphysicalandtoxicologicaldata50Annex2:Faxformatdatacard54Annex3:Classificationofnoxiousliquidsubstances56Annex3b:Newclassificationofnoxiousliquidsubstances57ABCDEBenzeneChemicalResponseGuide6DefinitionBenzeneisacolourless,readilyflammableliquid,(flashpoint:-11.1°C)thatburnsandproducestoxiccarbonoxidevapours.Benzeneisvolatile(vapourpressure:10kPaat20°C)withaboilingpointofabout80.1°C.Benzenevapourscanexplode.UsesBenzeneismainlyusedforproducingethylbenzenewhichinturnisusedforsynthesizingstyrenewhichisusedtomanufactureplasticsandelastomeres.Itisalsousedformanufacturing:-cumene,usedtoproducephenolthatisusedtomanufacturephenolresinsandnylon-acetone,usedasasolventorusedinthepharmaceuticalindustry-cyclohexane,whichisusedformanufacturingresins-nitrobenzene,whichisusedformanufacturinganiline-maleicanhydride-chlorobenzene.Benzeneisapetroleumby-productandisthereforetobefoundinpetrol.Risks•Toxicity:benzeneiscarcinogenicforhumanbeings.Itisalsotoxicregardlessofhowitentersthehumanorganism.Itisanirritantforeyesandtherespiratorytract.Whenpresentinhighconcentrations,benzenevapourshaveananaestheticeffectandcanactonthecentralnervoussystem.•Fire:whenapproachingadisabledvessel,respondersmustalwaysproceeddownwindandbewearingpositivepressureSCBAsandcarryinggasdetectors.BehaviourintheenvironmentWhenspilledinwater,benzenewillfloat(density:0.88),formaslickonthesurface,asmallpartofwhichwillsolubilise.Theslickwill