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Whatkindofclausesarethey?Whatthedriveroftheyellowcardidmademeextremelyangry.Whyshedidthisisstillunknown.It’shardtoforgetwhatwehavelearnedinhisclasses.Pleasedon’ttellmymotherwhenI’llgivehermygift.That’swhyIcan’tfollowyou.Theproblemisthatit’sveryhardtocatchyourwords.Thefactthathetellsliesallthetimemakesussurprised.Thereisnodoubtthatitwillraintomorrow.I’mnotsurewhetheryouwouldlikeitornot.ShefeltverysurprisedthatIfinisheditallbymyself.Ihavenoideawhereheis.Pleasetellusthetruthhowmanypeopleweredrownedintheflood.Thenoveltellsthatthetruthalwaystakesthesideofthemajorityofpeople.Ican’texplainwhyhebehaveslikethat.Howhefinisheddoingthatisnotimportant.Wherewewillgohasn’tbeendecidedyet.名词性从句中的连接词有:连词:that/whether/asif(though);连接代词:what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever，连接副词:where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever。•连词:引导从句，但在从句中不作成分that：无词义，不作成分，起连接作用whether/if：“是否”不作成分，起连接作用If只用于宾从中asif(though)：“好象”只连接表语从句•连接代词：引导从句，并在从句中作成分What（ever）：（无论）什么，作主，宾，表，定语which（ever）：（无论）哪一个（些）作主，宾，表，定语Who（ever）：“（无论）谁（主格）”作主，宾Whom（ever）：“（无论）谁（宾格）”作宾whose（ever）：“（无论）谁的，作定•连接副词:引导从句，作状语•When（ever）：“什么时候”作状语•where：“什么地方”•how：怎样•why：为什么•从句中用陈述句序：疑问词+陈述句语序分类词形词义作从句的成分注意点连接词that//宾从中可省whether/if是否/If只用于宾从中有ornot时不能用asif(though)好象//连接代词What（ever）（无论）什么，作主，宾，表，定语…….东西，……事情which（ever）（无论）哪一个（些）作主，宾，表，定语/Who（ever）“（无论）谁（主格）”作主，宾/Whom（ever）“（无论）谁（宾格）”作宾/whose（ever）“（无论）谁的，作定/连接副词When（ever）“什么时候”作状语/where“什么地方”作状语/how怎样作状语/why为什么作状语/（1）名词性从句构成有3种a.That+陈述句Thatlighttravelsinstraightlinesisknowntoall.b.if/whether+陈述句Nooneknewif/whetherhelosthissightbecauseofanaccident.c.疑问词+句子的剩余成分Thisiswhatwearelookingfor.名词性从句考点归纳一、名词性从句的语序：陈述语序(1)that和whether/if引导的从句Shesensedsomething.AtallmaninadarkcoatwasstaringatherShesensedthatshewasbeingwatchedbyatallmaninadarkcoat.Shewondered.Wouldthebusesstillberunning?Shewonderedif/whetherthebuseswouldstillberunning.(2)疑问词引导的名词性从句也要求使用陈述句语序，不能用一般疑问句（倒装）语序。他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。Howwashesuccessfulisstillapuzzle.()Howhewassuccessfulisstillapuzzle.()你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？Couldyoutellmewherehelives?()Couldyoutellmewheredoeshelive?()FTTF主语从句1.主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分1).Thathewillsucceediscertain.2)Whetherhewillgothereisnotknown.3)Whathesaidisnottrue.4)Wherehehidthemoneyistobefoundout.5)Whoevercomesiswelcome.6)It’scertainthathewillsucceed.7)Howwecanhelpthetwinswillbediscussedatthemeeting.8)Whenthey’llstarttheprojecthasnotbeendecidedyet.由that引导:1.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.2._____________________isknowntoall.(地球是圆的)3.________________________isapity.(你错过了这次机会)that无意义,后接一个完整的句子.that不可省ThattheearthisroundThatyoumissedthechance考点一:主语从句后置!为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.例:Thatweshallbelateiscertain.--It’scertainthatweshallbelate.1.Thattheearthisroundisknowntoall.--2.Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity.--由连词whether和if,连接代词what,who,which和连接副词when,where,why,how等引导.也常常后置:Itisapitythatyoumissedthechance.It’sknowntoallthattheearthisround.•Itdoesn’tmatterif/whetherheisaforeigner.•Itisaquestionwhetherheiswillingtocome.•Itisunknownhowshehasreducedherweightinsuchashorttime.It的用法：（形式主语）It’possible/important/necessary/clear…that……很可能/重要的是…/必要的是…/很清楚…It’ssaid/reported…that..据说/据报道…It’sbeenannounced/declaredthat..已经通知/宣布…Itseems/appears/happens..that…显然、明显、碰巧..It’snowonderthat…并不奇怪/无疑…It’sapity/afact/acommonknowledge(众所周知）/acommonsaying….（俗话说）Itiswellknown/reported/thought/said…that…Itisclear/necessary/certain/true/doubtful…that…Itisapity/ashame/anhonour/that…Itdoesn’tmatterwhether…Itseemsthat…Ithappensthat…•考点二•注意：主语从句中，谓语动词一般用单数•What引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定•Whatheneeds_is_thatbook.•Whatheneeds_are_somebooks.宾语从句宾语从句：1.从句在句中充当宾语成分（可以作谓语动词、介词、形容词，不定式等非谓语动词的宾语）连词：that,whether，if（that常可省略）who,what,which,whoever,whatever,whenwherewhyhow1).Theyknowthatthehabitwillkillthem.2).Italldependsonwhethertheywillsupportus.3)Iamafraidthathedidn’tcallme.4).Hemadeitcleartothepublicthathedidanimportantandnecessaryjob.5).Ifinditnecessarythatweshoulddothehomework.用if或whether填空•1.Idon’tknow_______I’llbefreetomorrow.•2.Idon’tknow_______ornotI’llbefreetomorrow.•3.Thequestionis______thisbookisworthwriting.whether/ifwhetherwhether1).whether和if都可以引导宾语从句a..当whether后紧跟ornot时,不用if.eg:Idon’tknowwhetherIwillstayornot.b.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.eg:IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.2.注意whether和if的使用区别•1.Itdependson______wewillhaveenoughmoney.•2.______theycandoitmatterslittletous.•3._______youarenotfreetomorrow,I’llgowithoutyou.whetherWhetherIf2).that在宾语从句中的省略与保留a.在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that从句(真正宾语)的句型中不省略.eg:Wemustmakeitclearthatwemeanwhatwesay.Idon’tthinkitrightthatyouleavehomewithouttellingyourparents.b.由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,第二个that不省略.eg:Hetoldme（that）hewouldcomeandthathewouldcomeontime.•3.时态一致（主从句中一致）1）.当从句表达的是客观事实，真理，自然现象时，从句通常用一般现在时。2）在“命令，要求，建议”等相关词后的名词性从句中常用虚拟语气（suggest/advise/propose/demand/require/…）宾语从句的时态呼应1.如果主句时态是现在时或将来时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态.a.他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的.Hebelieves_________________________.b.请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么.Pleasetellme_________________________.hisdreamwillcometruesomedaywhatyouweredoingatthistimeyesterday2.如果主句谓语是过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的某种时态,但从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规律等时，从句谓语通常用一般现在时。他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。Hetoldme___