春季高考英语语法专项复习――定语从句

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定语从句基础讲解•什么是定语从句呢?修饰前面某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。结构:先行词+关系词+句子Ilovesingerswhowritetheirownmusic.先行词关系词定语从句关系词关系代词:that,which,who,whom,whose关系副词:when,where,why关系词先行词所指关系词在从句中成分关系代词that人/物主、宾which物主、宾who人主、宾whom人宾whose人/物定关系副词when时间时间状语where地点地点状语why原因原因状语Ihaveanapple.Anappleisred.Ihaveanapplethatisred.修饰先行词anapple主语主语关系词that在定语从句中作主语时不能省掉。Ilikesomefriends.Somefriendslikesports.Ilikesomefriendswholikesports.修饰先行词friends主语主语/that关系词who/that在定语从句中作主语时不能省掉。Ilikethemusic.Icandancetothemusic.IlikethemusicthatIcandanceto.宾语宾语关系词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省掉。Ilikethegirl.Youaretalkingtothegirl.Ilikethegirlwho(m)youaretalkingto.宾语宾语/that关系词who/that在定语从句中作宾语时可以省掉。◆that引导的定语从句that引导定语从句时,既可以指人,也可以指物,在从句中可以作主语或宾语。他是一个有三个妹妹的人。Heisaperson__________threesisters.(person是_______,that在从句中作_____)thathas先行词主语Thecat__________________yesterdayisill.(_____是先行词,that在从句中作_____)thatIboughtcat宾语◆which引导的定语从句which引导定语从句时,只能指物,在从句中可以作主语或宾语。我想带走你昨天给我看的那本书。Iwanttotakeawaythebook_______you______________yesterday.(_____是先行词,which在从句中作_____)whichshowedme宾语book◆关系词只能用that的情况:a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which。例如:这是我看过的最有趣的电影。Itis__________________________Ihaveeverseen.(_____是先行词,that在从句中作_____)themostinterestingthat宾语moviemovieb.被修饰的先行词为all,any,much,many,everything,anything,none,theone等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which。例如:在这个商店里,有没有你想要买的东西?Isthere____________youwanttobuyintheshop?(________是先行词,that在从句中作_____)anythingthatanything宾语c.先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,little,few等词修饰时,只能用that。例如:这辆自行车和我丢失的那一辆是一样的。Thisisthe_______________Ilost.(_____是先行词,that在从句中作_____)bikesamebikethat宾语d.先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that,而不用which。例如:我能记得我在这个房间里看到过的人和一些画。Icanrememberthe_______andsome______________I____intheroom.(__________________________是先行词,that在从句中作_____)personspicturessawthatthepersonsandsomepictures宾语e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that。例如:那个在哭泣的女孩是谁?_____isthegirl____is________?(_____是先行词,that在从句中作_____)主语Whogirlcryingthat◆who引导的定语从句who引导定语从句时只能指人,在从句中可以作主语或宾语。在你有困难时帮助你的朋友才是真正的朋友。Afriend__________youwhenyou____________isarealfriend.(______是先行词,who在从句中作_____)whohelpshavetroublefriend主语whom也可以引导定语从句,在从句中只能作宾语,有时可以和who互换,但介词后只能用whom,不能用who。他就是我一直在找的人。Heistheman___________Ihavebeenlookingfor.=Heisthemanfor______Ihavebeenlooking.whomwho/whom注意:◆在由that,who和which引导的定语从句中,当它们在从句中作主语时,都不可以省略;作宾语时,都可以省略。◆介词后面只能用which或whom,不能用that或who。whose也可以引导定语从句,在从句中只能作定语,表示所属关系。Theboyismyclassmate.Theboy’sfatherisapoliceman.Theboy____________isapolicemanismyclassmate.whosefather归纳小结:1、that在定语从句中既可代____,又可代____;在从句中可以充当____和____。2、which在定语从句中指代____;在从句中可以充当____和____。PS:定语从句中,只能用which,而不能用that的情况是___________________________。人物宾语主语物主语宾语在先行词后有介词的时候归纳小结:3、who在定语从句中指代____;在从句中可以充当____和____。4、whom在定语从句中指代____;在从句中充当____。5、whose在定语从句中表示____关系,充当____。☜人人主语宾语宾语所属定语◆when引导的定语从句when引导定语从句时,在从句中作时间状语,不能省略,其先行词是表示时间的名词,如day,week等。例如:我永远也不会忘记我第一次来中国的那天。Iwillneverforgetthe__________IfirstcametoChina.(_______是先行词,when在从句中作_________)whendayday时间状语◆where引导的定语从句where引导定语从句时,在从句中作地点状语,不能省略,其先行词是表示地点的名词,如place,village等。例如:你还记得我们初次见面的地方吗?Doyourememberthe__________wefirst_____?(_________是先行词,where在从句中作__________)whereplaceplacemet地点状语◆why引导的定语从句why引导定语从句时,在从句中作原因状语,不能省略,先行词是reason。例如:懒惰就是你学不好英语的原因。Beinglazyisthe____________youcan’t_____Englishwell.(___________是先行词,why在从句中作_________)whyreasonreasonstudy原因状语拓展延伸:引导定语从句的关系副词,常可以转换成“介词+which(关系代词)”的形式。例如:那个著名演员居住的那栋楼非常漂亮。Thebuilding_______thefamousactorlivesissobeautiful.=Thebuilding______________thefamousactorlivesissobeautiful.whereinwhich归纳小结:1、关系副词when引导定语从句时,在从句中做____状语,(能/不能)____省略;先行词通常是表示____的名词。2、关系副词where引导定语从句时,在从句中做____状语,(能/不能)____省略;先行词通常是表示____的名词。时间不能时间地点不能地点归纳小结:3、关系副词why引导定语从句时,在从句中做____状语,(能/不能)____省略;先行词通常是______。4、引导定语从句的where,when和why都可以转换成“介词+关系代词______”的形式。原因不能reasonwhich1.-Doyouknowtheman______istalkingwithyourfather?-Yes,he’sourheadmaster.A.heB.whoC.whichD.whom2.Isthistheriver_____Icanswim?A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD.theone3.Thisisthebesthotelinthecity_____Iknow.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.it单项选择。4.Canyoulendmethedictionary______theotherday?A.thatyouboughtB.youboughtitC.thatyouboughtitD.whichyouboughtit5.Anyone______withwhatIsaidmayputupyouhands.A.whichagreesB.whoagreeC.whoagreesD.whichagree6.Mywatchisnottheonlything______ismissing.A.thatB.itC.whichD.who7.Theman______coatisblackiswaitingatthegate.A.who’sB.whoseC.thatofD.which

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