模糊综合评价方法案例[1]

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模糊综合评价方法在物流中心选址的应用物流中心作为商品周转、分拣、保管、在库管理和流通加工的据点,其促进商品能够按照顾客的要求完成附加价值,克服在其运动过程中所发生的时间和空间障碍。在物流系统中,物流中心的选址是物流系统优化中一个具有战略意义的问题,非常重要。基于物流中心位置的重要作用,目前已建立了一系列选址模型与算法。这些模型与算法相当复杂。其主要困难在于:(1)即使简单的问题也需要大量的约束条件和变量;(2)约束条件和变量多使问题的难度呈指数增长。模糊综合评判方法是一种适合于物流中心选址的建模方法。它是一种定性与定量相结合的方法,有良好的理论基础。特别是多层次模糊综合评判方法,其通过研究各因素之间的关系,可以得到合理的物流中心位置。1、模型(1)单级评判模型①将因素集U按属性的类型划分为k个子集,或者说影响U的k个指标,记为12(,,,)kUUUU且应满足:1,kiijiUUUU②权重A的确定方法很多,在实际运用中常用的方法有:层次分析法、Delphi法、专家调查法、加权平均法。③通过专家打分或实测数据,对数据进行适当的处理,求得归一化指标关于等级的隶属度,从而得到单因素评判矩阵。④单级综合评判BAR.(2)多层次综合评判模型一般来说,在考虑的因素较多时会带来两个问题:一方面,权重分配很难确定;另一方面,即使确定了权重分配,由于要满足归一性,每一因素分得的权重必然很小。无论采用哪种算子,经过模糊运算后都会“淹没”许多信息,有时甚至得不出任何结果。所以,需采用分层的办法来解决问题。2、应用运用现代物流学原理,在物流规划过程中,物流中心选址要考虑许多因素。根据因素特点划分层次模块,各因素又可由下一级因素构成,因素集分为三级,三级模糊评判的数学模型见下表:物流中心选址的三级模型第一级指标第二级指标第三级指标自然环境1u(0.1)气象条件11u(0.25)地质条件12u(0.25)水文条件13u(0.25)地形条件14u(0.25)交通运输2u(0.2)经营环境3u(0.3)侯选址4u(0.2)面积41u(0.1)形状42u(0.1)面积43u(0.4)面积44u(0.4)公共设施5u(0.2)三供51u(0.4)供水511u(1/3)供电512u(1/3)供气513u(1/3)废物处理52u(0.3)排水521u(0.5)固体废物处理513u(0.5)通信53u(0.2)道路设施54u(0.1)因素集U分为三层:第一层为12345,,,,Uuuuuu第二层为111121314,,,uuuuu;441424344,,,uuuuu;551525354,,,uuuuu第三层为51511512513,,uuuu;52521522,uuu假设某区域有8个候选地址,决断集,,,,,,,VABCDEFGH代表8个不同的候选地址,数据进行处理后得到诸因素的模糊综合评判如表3-8所示。表3-8某地区的模糊综合评判因素ABCDEFGH气象条件0.910.850.870.980.790.600.600.95地质条件0.930.810.930.870.610.610.950.87水文条件0.880.820.940.880.640.610.950.91地形条件0.950.830.940.890.630.710.950.91交通运输0.900.900.900.940.600.910.950.94经营环境0.900.900.870.950.870.650.740.61候选地面积0.600.950.600.950.950.950.950.95候选地形状0.600.690.920.920.870.740.890.95候选地周边干线0.950.690.930.850.600.600.940.78候选地地价0.750.600.800.930.840.840.600.80供水0.600.710.770.600.820.950.650.76供电0.600.710.700.600.800.950.650.76供气0.910.900.930.910.950.930.810.89排水0.920.900.930.910.950.930.810.89固体废物处理0.870.870.640.710.950.610.740.65通信0.810.940.890.600.650.950.950.89道路设施0.900.600.920.600.600.840.650.81(1)分层次作综合评判551525354,,,uuuuu,权重51111,,333A,由表3-8对511u,512u,513u的模糊评判构成的单因素判断矩阵:510.600.710.770.600.820.950.650.760.600.710.700.600.800.950.650.760.910.900.930.910.950.930.810.89R用模型M(,+)计算得:5151510.703,0.773,0.8,0.703,0.857,0.943,0.703,0.803BAR类似地:5252520.895,0.885,0.785,0.81,0.95,0.77,0.775,0.77BAR555BAR(0.4,0.3,0.2,0.1)0.7030.7730.80.7030.8570.9430.7030.8030.8950.8850.7850.810.950.770.7750.770.810.940.890.600.650.950.950.890.90.60.920.60.60.840.650.81=(0.802,0.823,0.826,0.704,0.818,0.882,0.769,0.811)444BAR(0.1,0.1,0.4,0.4)0.60.950.60.950.950.950.950.950.60.690.920.870.740.920.890.950.950.690.930.850.60.60.940.780.750.60.80.930.840.840.60.8=(0.8,0.68,0.844,0.899,0.758,0.745,0.8,0.822)111BAR(0.25,0.25,0.25,0.25)0.910.850.870.980.790.600.600.950.930.810.930.870.610.610.950.870.880.820.940.880.640.610.950.910.900.830.940.890630.710.950.91=(0.905,0.828,0.92,0.905,0.688,0.633,0.863,0.91)(2)高层次综合评判U={U1,U2,U3,U4,U5},权重A=(0.1,0.2,0.3,0.2,0.2)。则综合评判B=AR=A12345BBBBB=(0.1,0.2,0.3,0.2,0.2)0.9050.8280.920.9050.6680.8630.6330.910.950.900.90.940.60.910.950.940.90.90.870.950.870.650.740.610.80.680.8440.8990.7580.7450.80.8220.8020.8230.8260.7040.8180.8820.7690.811=(0.871,0.833,0.867,0.884,0.763,0.766,0.812,0.789)由此可知,8块候选地的综合评判结果的排序为:D,A,C,B,H,F,E,选出较高估计值的地点作为物流中心。应用模糊综合评判方法进行物流中心选址,模糊综合评判模型采用层次式结构,将评判因素分为三层,也可进一步细分为多层。这里介绍的计算模型由于对权重集进行归一化处理,采用加权求和型,将评价结果按照大小顺序排列,决策者从中选出估计值较同的地点作为物流中心即可,方法简便。

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