甲壳素的制备研究

毕业设计（论文）题目甲壳素的制备研究系（院）化学与化工系专业化学工程与工艺班级09化工本一学生姓名张厚国学号2009010821指导教师岳武职称讲师二〇一三年六月二十二日独创声明本人郑重声明：所呈交的毕业设计(论文)是本人在指导老师的指导下独立进行研究工作所取得的成果成果不存在知识产权争议。尽我所知除文中已经注明引用的内容外本设计（论文）不含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的作品成果。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体均已在文中以明确方式标明。本声明的法律后果由本人承担。作者签名:二〇一三年六月二十二日毕业设计（论文）使用授权声明本人完全了解滨州学院关于收集、保存、使用毕业设计（论文）的规定。本人愿意按照学校要求提交学位论文的印刷本和电子版同意学校保存学位论文的印刷本和电子版或采用影印、数字化或其它复制手段保存设计（论文）；同意学校在不以营利为目的的前提下建立目录检索与阅览服务系统公布设计（论文）的部分或全部内容允许他人依法合理使用。（保密论文在解密后遵守此规定）作者签名:二〇一三年六月二十二日滨州学院学士学位论文Ⅰ甲壳素的制备研究摘要本文主要研究以蟹壳为原料，运用化学法制备甲壳素，使用不同的酸碱处理顺序和处理时间,处理温度对制得甲壳素产品的影响。本次试验对蟹壳采用酸碱循环处理（酸除碳酸钙，碱除油脂和蛋白质，碱除蛋白质后可以助于酸除钙），使得酸碱得以回收减少能耗，双氧水氧化脱色，制得甲壳素。运用不同的酸碱处理顺序和条件得到不同的产品，利用紫外分光光度法测定脱蛋白率，EDTA法测定脱钙率，通过对比不同产品的颜色，红外检测来分析得出生产甲壳素的最佳条件，为甲壳素的大规模工业生产提供更简洁经济的工艺条件。实验得到的由蟹壳制备甲壳素的最佳条件为：以2.5mol/L的NaOH溶液在70℃下处理4小时，再用1.0mol/L的HCl溶液在常温下处理10小时。脱色采用30%H2O2溶液处理1.5小时。关键词：甲壳素；脱钙率；脱蛋白率滨州学院学士学位论文ⅡIVThepreparationofchitinAbstractThispapermainlystudiestheimpactofpreparingchitinwhichbasedonmakingthecrabshellasrawmaterial,preparingchitinbyusingchemicalmethod,usingdifferentacid-baseprocessingsequenceandnprocessingtime,andprocessingtemperature.Inthetesttheacid-basecyclingtreatmentofcrab(acidinadditiontocalciumcarbonate,alkalidegreasingandprotein,alkaliremovingproteincancontributetoacidcalciumremoval),whichcanberecycledandreduceenergyconsumptionofacid,hydrogenperoxidebleaching,preparationofchitin.Theacidandalkalitreatmentsequenceanddifferentconditionshavedifferentproducts,usingtheUVspectrophotometricmethodforthedeterminationofproteinremovalrate,determinationofdecalcificationrateofEDTAmethod,bycomparingthedifferentcolor,infrareddetectiontoanalyzetheoptimalconditionswereobtainedfortheproductionofchitin,chitinoflarge-scaleindustrialproductiontoprovidemoresimpleprocessconditionsofeconomy.Theoptimumconditionsofpreparationofchitinfromcrabshellfor:NaOHsolution,2.5mol/Lsolutionat70℃for4hours,HClsolutionand1.0mol/Ltreatmentfor10hatroomtemperature.Decolorizationofthe30%H2O2solutionfor1.5hours.Keywords:Chitin;Decalcificationrate;Proteinremovalrate滨州学院学士学位论文V目录引言..................................................................1第一章绪论.....................................................................................................................21.1甲壳素的性质与结构................................................................................................21.2甲壳素的应用............................................................................................................21.2.1甲壳素的特殊生物功能.........................................................................................21.2.2工业上的用途.........................................................................................................51.2.3医药上的用途.........................................................................................................51.2.4美容上的用途.........................................................................................................51.3甲壳素的制备方法....................................................................................................51.3.1化学法.....................................................................................................................51.3.2微生物发酵法.........................................................................................................51.3.3酶合成法.................................................................................................................6第二章实验部分.............................................................................................................72.1实验试剂....................................................................................................................72.2实验仪器....................................................................................................................72.3实验原理....................................................................................................................72.3.1生产工艺原理.........................................................................................................72.3.2甲壳素的制备工艺流程.........................................................................................82.4实验............................................................................................................................82.4.1脱蛋白实验.............................................................................................................82.4.2脱钙实验.................................................................................................................92.4.3脱色试验.................................................................................................................92.4.4甲壳素的表征.........................................................................................................9第三章结果与讨论.......................................................................................................103.1碱浓度对脱蛋白效果的影响..................................................................................103.2相同碱浓度下碱煮时间对脱蛋白的影响..............................................................103.3盐酸浓度对脱钙效果的影响.........