中考专题动词分类及动词短语第1页共13页中考专题动词的分类及动词短语第一讲动词的分类【中考解读】【考点分布】1.实义动词2.连系动词3.助动词4.情态动词【考点内容】掌握实义动词中及物动词和不及物动词的语法作用和延续性动词的用法,牢记连系动词和助动词基本用法及情态动词的辨析与运用。【命题趋势】1.考察在特殊语境中动词、连系动词、助动词及情态动词的运用2.实义动词的词义辨析【动词定义】:表示动作和状态的词【动词分类】:动词按照其词义和在句中的作用可分为:实义动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词一、系动词系动词有一定的词义,不但不完整,不能单独作谓语,必须和表语一起构成谓语,说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。具体分类见下表类别功能例词表示状态的be动词表示主语所处的状态am,is,are,was,were表示持续的系动词表示主语继续或保持某种身份或状态keep,remain,stay,stand,lie表示感官的系动词表示人体感官的系动词look,feel,smell,taste,sound表示状态的系动词表示主语从一种状态变换到另一种状态become,get,go,grow,turnSheisafriendlygirlandalwaysgetsonwellwithothers.她很友好,总是能和别人友好相处。Shebecomesmorebeautifulthanthreeyearsago.她比三年前漂亮多了。Thewindowremainedopenallthenight.这扇窗子整夜开着。Thefoodinthatrestaurantlooksdelicious,butittastesbad.那家餐馆的食物看起来不错,但尝起来难吃。【注意】:(1)一般情况下,系动词没有被动语态形式。(2)表示状态的系动词一般不用于进行时(feel除外);变化系动词表示“渐渐……”,可用于进行时。It’sgettingwarmerandwarmer.天气渐渐变得暖和。7、—Theoranges____________sweet.—Ofcourse.TheyarefromYongxing,Chenzhou.A.tasteB.eatC.drink9、—Whydoyou______soupset?—BecauseIdidn’tgetthefirstplaceintheEnglishcompetition.中考专题动词分类及动词短语第2页共13页A.lookB.soundC.smellD.feel二、助动词助动词:本身没有词义,不能单独作谓语,只能和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语,以表示时态、语态、语气、人称和数,构成否定、疑问、强调、省略等。主要的助动词有be,do,doesdidhave,hasshall,will等。1.助动词be助动词功能例句be现在进行时:am/is/are+现在分词Iamreadingabook.我正在看书。过去进行时:was/were+过去分词Iwascookingwhenmymomcameback.当我妈妈回来的时候我正在煮饭。被动语态:be+过去分词Theclockwasbroken.那个钟表坏了。2.助动词do助动词功能例句do构成疑问句、否定句(形式有do,does,did)DoyoucomefromJapan?你来自日本吗?加强语气Dobecareful!一定要小心点!代替主要动词Hecoulddanceaswellashedidbefore.他舞跳得和从前一样好。构成否定祈使Don’tsmokehere!不要在这里吸烟!3.助动词have/will/shall助动词功能例句have构成现在完成时IhavebeeninHongKongfortwodays.我在香港呆了两天。will/shall构成一般将来时HewillgotoAmericatomorrow.他明天将要去美国。Wesaidweshouldfinishtheworksoon.我们说过会很快完成那份工作的。【湖北随州2】22.—Hello,Lisa.What'sthematter?—I______findmymobilephone._______youseenit?A.couldn't;DidB.can't;HaveC.need;HadD.must;Are()—Who_____thefirstpaperintheworld?—CaiLun______A.invented;didB.wasinvented;wasC.didinvented;wasD.invented;was中考专题动词分类及动词短语第3页共13页(2016•山东东营)20.“重要的事情说三遍”canbetranslatedinto“Importantthingsmustbeagainandagainandagain.”A.spokenB.repeatedC.describedD.introduced三实义动词实义动词含有实在的意义,表示动作或状态,可在句中独立作谓语。实义动词分为及物动词和不及物动词1.及物动词之后要跟名词或代词等作宾语意思才完整①及物动词+宾语CouldIuseyourcomputer?②及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语Vegetableshelpyoutokeepingoodhealth.【拓展】带省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有:makesbdosthletsbdosthhavesbdosthseesb.dosthwatchsb.dosthhearsb.dosthnoticesb.dosth③及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语Tomlentmeabookyesterday.【常见带双宾语的动词】:give/bring/buy/lend/get/leave/make/offer/pass/teach/tell/write/show等【拓展】具有类似用法的还有:givesb.sth.=givesth.tosb.passsb.sth.=passsth.tosb.postsb.sth.=poststh.tosb.lendgivesb.sth.=lendsth.tosb.offersb.sth.=offersth.tosb.buysb.sth.=buysth.forsb.2.不及物动词不及物动词不能接宾语。TomarrivedlastSunday.Hetalksinaloudvoice.【注】有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词。ShecansingEnglishsongs.(及物)Shesingswell.(不及物)2.不及物动词后不能直接跟宾语,但不及物动词后往往跟一个介词,构成短语动词之后才能跟宾语。Ioftenlistentomusiconweekends.(1).有些动词既可以作及物动词,也可以作不及物动词ShecansingEnglishsongs.(及物)Shesingswell.(不及物)(2)有些不及物动词与一些别的词搭配在一起构成动词短语,它相当于一个及物动词。1)动词+介词Tomislookingforhislostpen.Whatareyoutalkingabout?【注】此类动词后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词,都只能放在介词后面,不能放在动词和介词之间。2)动词+副词WhenIgrowup,I’llbeapolicemantocatchthieves.中考专题动词分类及动词短语第4页共13页Shedressedherselfupbeforethepartystarted.【注】代词作宾语时必须放在动词后、副词前,当宾语是名词时,放在副词前后均可。(动副短语代夹)3)动词+副词+介词Keepawayfromthedangerousbuilding.Let’skeepintouchwitheachother.。4)动词+名词+介词YoushouldpayattentiontoyourEnglishspeaking.Pleasehelpyourselftosomefish.【注】这类词组的名词前可以加形容词作定语,宾语只能放在介词之后。5)be+形容词+介词Heisinterestedinscience.I’msurprisedatthenews.常考动词辨析1.pay,spend,cost与take易混词主语常用结构例句spend人sbspendtime/moneyonsth某人在某事上花费时间/金钱sbspendtime/money(in)doingsth某人花费时间/金钱做某事Hespendsmuchmoneyonbooks.他将很多钱花在买书上。pay人sbpaysomemoneyforsth某人为某物而付款;sbpayforsth某人为某物付钱,赔偿Hehaspaidthedoctor50poundsforthemedicine.他买药付给医生50英镑cost事或物coststhcost(sb)somemoney某物花费(某人)多少钱Itcostsyou12poundstogotoLondonbyship.乘船到伦敦要花费你12英镑。takeitittakessbsometimetodosth某人花费多长时间做某事Ittookmetenminutestogotothepostoffice.我去邮局花了十分钟时间。(2016•江苏扬州)4.—Whatwillthephone________?—Thesameasyousaid,eighthundreddollarseach.A.spendB.costC.payD.afford(2016•山东临沂)22.Beforestamps,peopledidn’t_____fortheletterstheysent,butfortheletterstheyreceived.A.payB.costC.spendD.take黄冈)37.—I’msorry,MrHu.I_____myEnglishexercisebookathome.—Itdoesn’tmatter.Pleaseremember_____itherethisafternoon.A.forgot;tobringB.left;totakeC.forgot;totakeD.left;tobring中考专题动词分类及动词短语第5页共13页(2016·甘肃兰州)29.—HowmuchdoestheTV________?—Nottoomuch.It’sjustasecond-handedone?A.costB.spendC.takeD.payfor2.speak,tell,talk与say(1)say强调说话的内容或“(某处)写有”。SaysthtosbIcansayitinEnglish.我能用英语把它说出来。(2)speak作不及物动词时,强调说话的动作;作及物动词时,后面加语言。SpeaktosbThebabycan'tspeak.这个婴儿不会说话。speakEnglish说英语(3)talk强调两人之间的谈话。常见搭配:talkwith/tosb和某人交谈;talkaboutsth谈论某事。(4)tell意为“告诉;讲述”,后面常接双宾语。Didyoutellherthenews?你把这个消息告诉她了吗?SheistalkingwithLucyinEnglish.她正在用英语和露茜交谈。常考搭配tellsbastory给某人讲故事Tellsbsth告诉某人某事Tellalie撒谎tellthetruth说实话Tellsb(not)todosth告诉某人(不要)做某事山东青岛2】—Doyouknowwhyhedidn’t____awordwhenhe________to?—Becausehewastonervous.A.speak;speaksB.say;wasspokenC.say;spokeD.speak;isspoken海南三亚2】—Mom,IamafraidthatIcan’tgetthroughthehardtimeWe’rehav