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1.BasicKnowledgepetiodontaltissues/periodontium牙周组织oralepithelium口腔龈上皮sucularepithelium沟内上皮junctionalepithelium结合上皮freegingivalgroove(GG)游离龈沟dento-gingivaljunction(DGJ)龈牙结合部gingiva牙龈freegingiva/marginalgingiva游离龈/边缘龈gingivalsulcus/crevice['krevis]龈沟attachedgingiva附着龈keratinizedgingiva角化龈stippling点彩mucogingivaljunction膜龈联合gingivalpapilla龈乳头gingivalcol龈谷biologicalwidth(BW)生物学宽度periodontalligament牙周膜/牙周韧带alveolarprocess牙槽突cemento-enameljunction(CEJ)釉牙骨质界ankylosis牙固连alveolarbonecrest牙槽嵴顶fenestration骨开窗dehiscence骨开裂abscessesoftheperiodontium牙周组织脓肿gingivalabscess牙龈脓肿periodontalabscess牙周脓肿pericoronalabscess冠周脓肿riskfactor危险因素determinant决定因素susceptibility易感性site-specific牙位特异性periodontalecosystem牙周生态系dentalplaquebiofilm菌斑生物膜asquiredpellicle获得性薄膜supragingicalplaque龈上菌斑materiaalba白垢subgingivalplaque龈下菌斑attachedsubgingivalplaque附着性龈下菌斑unattachedsubgingivalplaque非附着性龈下菌斑specificplaquehypothesis特异性菌斑学说periodontalpathogens牙周致病菌porphyromonasgingivalis（Pg）牙龈卟啉单胞菌Tannerellaforsythus福赛拟杆菌gingivalcrevicularfluid(GCF)龈沟液polymorphonuclearleukocytePMN中性多形核白细胞regeneration再生repair修复dentalcalculus牙石rootfurcations根分叉plaqueindex菌斑指数bleedingonprobingBOP探诊后出血attachmentlevelAL附着水平attachmentgain附着获得2.Diseasesgingivaldiseases牙龈病dentalplaque-inducedgingivitis菌斑性龈炎initialfactor始动因子initiallesion初期病损earlylesion早期病损establishedlesion确立期病损advancedlesion重度病损papillarygingivitis龈乳头炎attachedgingiva附着龈pseudopocket假性牙周袋lineargingivalerythema,LGE牙龈线性红斑chair-sideoralhygieneinstruction椅旁口腔卫生指导puberty-associatedgingivitis青春期龈炎gingivalhyperplasia龈增生pregnancy-assosiatedgingivitis妊娠期龈炎prophy洁治leukemia-associatedgingivallesion白血病性龈病损drug-inducedgingivalenlargements药物性牙龈肥大drug-inducedgingivalhyperplasia药物性龈增生hereditarygingivalfibromatosis遗传性牙龈纤维瘤病acutenecrotizingulcerativegingivitis，ANUG急性坏死性溃疡性龈炎necrotizinggingivostomatitis坏死性龈口炎acutemultiplegingivalabsecesses急性多发性龈脓肿gingivalabsecess牙龈脓肿plasmacellgingivitis浆细胞龈炎epulis[e'pʌlis]牙龈瘤pyogenicgranuloma[,paiəu'dʒenik]化脓性肉芽肿chronicperiodontitis,CP慢性牙周炎apicalmigration根方迁移attachmentloss附着丧失gingivalpocket龈袋sulcularepithelium沟内上皮periodontalpocket牙周袋alveolarboneresorption牙槽骨吸收traumafromocclusion/occlusaltrauma（牙合）创伤horizontalresorption水平吸收verticalresorption垂直吸收suprabonypocket骨上袋infrabonypocket骨下袋angularresorption角形吸收one/two/three-walledbonydefect一/二/三壁骨袋quiescence静止期exacerbation[ek,sæsə'beiʃən,iɡ,z-]活动期simplepocket单面袋compoundpocket复合袋complexpocket复杂袋toothmobility牙齿松动bruxism夜磨牙clenching紧咬牙prematurecontact早接触mechanicalremoval机械清除菌斑alveolarridge牙槽嵴toothextraction拔牙aggressiveperiodontitis,AgP侵袭性牙周炎furcationinvolvement根分叉病变flapsurgery翻瓣术guidedtissueregeneration引导性再生术rootresection截根术rootseparation分根术hemisection半牙切除术periodontal-endodonticcombinedlesions牙周-牙髓联合病变retrospectivepulpitis逆行性牙髓炎periodontalabscesses牙周脓肿gingivalabscess牙龈脓肿gingivalrecession牙龈退缩3.Treatmentinitialtherapy基础治疗surgicaltherapy手术治疗restorativeandorthodontictherapy修复及正畸治疗maintenancetherapy维护期oralhealthinstruction口腔卫生指导supragingivalscaling龈上洁治subgingivalscaling龈下刮治scalingandrootplaning,SRP洁治、刮治和根面平整removaloflocalirritationalfactors清除局部刺激因素occlusaltherapy调牙合antimicrobialtherapy药物辅助治疗re-evaluation疗效再评估supportiveperiodontaltherapy,SPT牙周支持治疗plaquecontrol菌斑控制rolling竖转动法abrasive摩擦剂detergent洁净剂dentalfloss牙线toothpicks牙签interdentalbrush牙间隙刷chlorhexidine[klɔ:'heksidi:n]/hibitane氯己定/洗必泰scaler洁治器sickle镰形洁治器hoe锄形洁治器curette[kjuə'ret]匙形刮治器file根面锉universalcurettes通用型刮治器area-specificcurettes专用型刮治器thelowershank颈部最下端restorativeoverhanging充填体悬突attachmentgain附着获得occlusaltrauma咬合创伤traumatizingocclusion创伤性牙合co-destructivefactor协同破坏因素functionalmobility功能性牙齿动度traumafromocclusionindex,TOI牙周咬合创伤指数adaptabilityindex,AI牙周适应性指数physicaltoothmobility生理性牙齿松动initialorintra-alveolartoothmobility,ITM初级或槽内动度secondarytoothmobility,STM次级动度occlusaladjustment咬合调整splint牙周夹板selectivegrinding选磨法chemotherapy药物治疗systemicantimicrobialtherapy全身抗微生物的治疗metronidazole[,metrə'naidəzəul]甲哨唑/灭滴灵amoxicillin阿莫西林refractoryperiodontitis难治性牙周炎tetracycline四环素macrolides大环内酯类抗生素hostmodulatorytherapies,HMT宿主调节治疗suturing缝合periodontaldressing牙周敷料resectivesurgery切除性手术reconstructionsurgery重建性手术regenerativesurgery再生性手术guidedtissueregeneration，GTR引导性组织再生术plasticsurgery牙周成形手术biologicallyacceptable生物相容性periodontaldressing或periodontalpack牙周塞治剂periodontalsurgery：accesssurgery牙周基础性手术gingivectomy牙龈切除术gingivoplasty牙龈成形术themodifiedWidmanflap改良Widman翻瓣术undisplacedflap嵴顶原位复位瓣术theapicallyrepositionedflap根向复位瓣术distalwedgeprocedures远中楔形瓣切除术osseoussurgery牙周骨手术externalbeveledincision外斜切口internalbeveledincision内斜切口crevicularincision沟内切口interdentalincision牙间切口papillapreservationincision保留龈乳头切口fullthicknessflap全厚瓣mucoperiostealflap粘膜骨膜瓣partialthicknessflap半厚瓣interruptedinterdentalsuture牙间间断缝合slingsuture悬吊缝合mattresssuture褥式缝合anchorsuture锚式缝合longjunctionalepithelium，LJE长结合上皮ankylosis骨固连newattachment新附着re-attachment再附着osteoplasty骨成形术pstectomy骨切除术periodontalregenerativesurgery牙周再生性手术bonegraftprocedures植骨术osteoinduction骨诱导osteoconduction骨引导PeriodontalPlasticSurgery牙周成形手术CrownLengtheningSurgery牙冠延长术MucogingivalSurgery膜龈手术freegingivalgraft游离龈移植术LaterallyPositio