英语语法主谓一致

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主谓一致1.主谓一致是指英语中谓语在人称、数及意义方面要与作主语的名词或代词一致。2.主谓一致分为语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。(1)语法一致原则:主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致。主语为单数,谓语用单数;主语为复数,谓语用复数。Ioftenhelphimandheoftenhelpsme.(2)意义一致原则:主语和谓语在意义上单复数一致。主语为单数,谓语用单数;主语为复数,谓语用复数。Thepolicearesearchingthewoodsforthemurderer.(3)就近一直原则:当主语有两个或两个以上时,谓语动词由靠近它的主语确定。并列主语的谓语一致1.And(1)两个单数名词用and连接,表示不同概念时,谓语用发复数。TomandJackareclosefriends.(2)两个单数名词用and连接,表示同一歌人、同一个物,同一个概念,或表示不可分割的整体时,谓语用单数。Thesingeranddanceristoattendoureveningparty.(3)被every,each,manya,no等限定的单数名词由and连接时,谓语仍用单数,其中,后一个限定词可以省略。every……and……every,each……and……each,no……and……no,manya……and……manya。Eachboyand(each)girlhasanapple.(4)一个单数名词被几个用and连接的并列形容词修饰时,可以指一件事或几件事,这种名词作主语,要根据意义一致的原则决定单复数。Simpleandplainlivingisafinequality.生活简朴一种优良品质。Ancientandmodernhistoryarethesubjectswearestudying.(5)由and连接的两个what的从句作主语时,要根据意义一致的原则决定单复数Whathesaysanddoesdonotagree.(言行不一致)Whathesaysanddoesdoesnotconcernme.2.由eitheror,neithernor,notbut,notonlybutalso,or,nor连接的并列主语,谓语动词常和邻近的主语一致。EitherTomorIisgoingthere.3、“with/alongwith/togetherwith/aswellas/asmuchas/expect/besides/including/ratherthan/but/等+名词”结构时,谓语单复数不受这些词影响。Youfatheraswellasyouisverykindtome,某些名词作主语时的主谓一致1.集合名词(1)表示整体概念,强调一致性,谓语动词用单数形式;强调每一个成员,谓语动词用复数。如:family,company,committee,government,nation,Group,team,class,grade,Population,army,audience.Ourclassconsistsof25girlsand25boys.Ourclassareplayingfootball.(2)有些有生命的集合名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:people,police,cattleThecattlearegrazinginthefield.2、表示成双成套的名词,如:trousers,shoes,glasses,socksstockings,scissor单独作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式,但当它们和apairof或pairsof类的修饰词连用时,谓语和pair(修饰词)的数保持一致。Thepairofglassesfitsyouwell.Severalpairsofnewshoeshavebeensendtotheoldmen.不定代词作主语1.不定代词anyone,somebody,something,noone,nobody,nothing,each,theother等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。Nobodyknowstheanswer.2.不定代词none和neither既可以表示单数,也可以表示复数。其单复数形式由说话者的意思决定。Noneofthemhave/hasacomputer.他们都没有电脑。/他们没有一个人有电脑。Neitherofthemknow/knowsthereason.他们俩全都不知道原因。/他们两个谁也不知道原因。3.none作主语指不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数。Noneofthemoneyinthedrawerismine.4.all(notall)修饰不可数名词表示单数概念时,谓语动词用单数;如果修饰的是复数名词,谓语动词则用复数。Allofthewaterispolluted.Allofthestudentshavearrive.数词作主语时的主谓一致1.表示时间、重量、距离、价格、体积等的复数名词作主语时,通常当作整体来看待,谓语动词用单数形式。Twentyyearsisalongtime.2.分数、百分数或“halfof/partof/therestof+名词/代词”作主语时,谓语动词由后面的名词或代词决定。Threequartersofthesurfaceofearthissea.SixtypercentofthestudentsareLeaguemember.3.“oneof+名词/代词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。4.“kind/form/type/sort/species/portion/seriousof”修饰主语,其谓语形式取决于这些词的单复数。Thisnewtypeofbusesisnowonshow.Allkindsofdifficultieshavetobeovercome.5.anumberof(许多),avarietyof(各种各样的)和agroupof(一组,一群)修饰的名词作主语时,谓语用复数形式。thenumberof(……的数量),thevarietyof(……的种类)修饰的名词作主语时,谓语用单数形式。6.manya和morethanone后加单数名词表示复数意义,但谓语仍用单数。7.ManyManyaAgreatmany+可数名词AlargernumberofQuiteafew/agoodfewMuchAgreatdealofAlargeramountof/largeamountsof+不可数名词QuitealittleAlotof/lotsofAlargequantityof/largequantitiesof+可数名词复数或不可数名词PlentyofAlargeramountof+不可数名词后面跟单数谓语动词largeamountsof+不可数名词后面跟复数谓语动词也就是说,由amount的数来决定谓语的单复数。有类似用法的还有:Amassof/massesofAquantityof/quantitiesofAvarietyof/varietiesofTherebe句型的主谓一致当主语是两个或两个或两个以上的名词或短语并列时,be的形式通常和与之靠近的一个名词或短语保持一致。Thereisadeskandfourchairsintheroom.Therearefourchairsandadeskintheroom.其他1.表示单一概念的动名词、不定式或从句作主语时,谓语用单数。Smokingisabadforyourhealth.2.what引导的主语从句,谓语动词一般用单数形式,但若从句后的表语是复数形式,则谓语动词用复数形式。whatthepoorneedmostistheambitiontobecomerich.Whatweneedarequalifiedteachers.3.关系代词who,that,which在定语从句中作主语时,其谓语的数和先行词一致。Heisoneofthestudentswhohavepasstheexam.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohaspasstheexam.含有修饰词的名词1、含有量词的名词作主语(1)表示成双成套的名词,如:trousers,shoes,glasses,socksstockings,scissor单独作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式,但当它们和apairof或pairsof类的修饰词连用时,谓语和pair(修饰词)的数保持一致。Thepairofglassesfitsyouwell.Severalpairsofnewshoeshavebeensendtotheoldmen.(2)有pile,mountains,raw,mass,cup,basket,box,packed,parcel等词修饰的短语作主语,谓语动词跟修饰词的数保持一致。Arowofwillows(柳树)islinedononesideoftheriver.Pilesofrubbishhavenotonlyblockedtheway.2、ManyManyaAgreatmany+可数名词AlargernumberofQuiteafew/agoodfew(1)many(2)“manya+单数名词”和“morethanone+单数名词”(不止一个)虽在语意上为复数,但作主语时,谓语动词用单数。Manyapassengerwaskilledintheaccident.(许多)Morethanonestudenthasfailedtheexam.(3)Agreatmany(4)anumberof和thenumberof○1“anumberof+复数名词”含义为“大量的”,用作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。○2“thenumberof+复数名词”含义为“……的数量”,用作主语时,谓语动词要用单数。Anumberofstudentsarefromthesouth.Thenumberofstudentsfromthesouthissmall.(4)avarietyof,varietiesof和thevarietyof○1avarietyof=varietiesof○2“avarietyof+复数名词”含义为“各种各样的”,用作主语,谓语要用复数。○3“thevarietyof+复数名词”含义为“……的种类”,用作主语时,谓语动词要用单数。Avarietyofbookshavebeenpublished.Thevarietyofgoodsinthisshopisrich.3、MuchAgreatdealofAlargeramountof/largeamountsof+不可数名词Quitealittle(1)(2)AgreatdealofU6U1(3)Alargeramountof/largeamountsof4、Alotof/lotsofAlargequantityof/largequantitiesof+可数名词复数或不可数名词Plentyof(1)(2)aquantityof后可接可数名词复数,也可接不可数名词。如果aquantityof后接可数名词复数,则谓语动词通常用复数;如果aquantityof后接不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数。Quantitiesof后接复数名词或不可数名词,其谓语动词都用复数形式。Alargequantityofbooksisonsalenow.Alargequantityofbooksareonsalenow.Alargequantityofearthisbeingwashedawayeveryyear.Quantitiesoffishwerecaughtthatday.4、anumberof(许多),avarietyof(各种各样的)和agroupof(一组,一群)修饰的名词作主语时,谓语用复数形式。thenumberof(……的数量),thevarietyof(……的种类)修饰的名词作主语时,谓语用单数形式。(1)anumberof和thenumber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