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XML技術在企業間商業電子化的探討Ching-LongYeh葉慶隆DepartmentofComputerScienceandEngineeringTatungUniversitychingyeh@cse.ttu.edu.tw(msn)•WWWanditsextensions–XMLandProtocol–WebServiceArchitecture–EB–SW•ElectronicBusinessArchitecture•RosettaNetXML&EB3WWWandItsExtension•WWW–HTML,HTTP–Mainlyman-machineinteraction•ElectronicBusiness(EB)–CommonBusinessProcesses•StandardmessagesinXML–AP-2-APinteraction–Meta-model:ebXML•SemanticWebServices–RDF–Ontology:OWL–WebServicesautomation•Discovery,invocation,composition,monitoringXML&EB4InformationPoolWWW•HTTP(HyperTextTransportProtocol)•HTML(HyperTextMarkupLanguage)•URL(UniformResourceLocator)WebserverApplicationClientHTTPURLHTMLDocument•Human-to-machineinteraction•SearchengineXML&EB5InformationPoolInteractionsUsingXML•XML(eXtensibleMarkupLanguage)•SOAP(SimpleObjectAccessProtocol)SOAPserverApplicationHTTPXMLDocument•Machine-to-machineinteraction•ServiceautomationSOAPserverApplicationInformationPoolXMLDocumentXML&EB6WebServicesArchitectureAServiceOrientedArchitectureServiceregistryServicerequesterServiceproviderFindWSDL,UDDIPublishWSDL,UDDIBindServicedescriptionsServicedescriptionsServicesAnInroductiontoXMLXML&EB8文件的結構、內容、及格式•文件的結構是指文件組成成分組合的方式–如一篇文章的章節段落–請購單的欄位資料–腳踏車組合手冊的簡介、組合程序、零件表、故障排除、索引等•文件的內容是指文件內實際的資料–如腳踏車組合手冊的文字、圖表等•文件的格式是指將文件組成成分以一種視覺效果呈現給讀者–如黑體字、斜體字、內縮、段落加寬、表格等•文件結構和文件格式容易混淆XML&EB9PRODUCTADVISORYNumber:146Type:PartsDate:8/15/95Subject:RevisedReplacementParts...Model501UserReplaceablePartsThepartslistidentifiedintheAnyCorpModel501...NewPartsList1.345-234(Filter,coolingfan)2.148-745(Fuse,power:1.5amp)3...ProductAdvisoryNumber:146Type:PartsDate:8/15/95Revised:Subject:RevisedReplacement...Model501User-ReplaceablePartsThepartslistidentifiedinthe...NewPartsList1.345-234(Filter,coolingfan)2.148-745(Fuse,power:1.5amp)3....文件的結構、內容、及格式XML&EB10文件的結構、內容、及格式•MSWord著重文件格式之處理–以格式功能將文件結構以視覺效果呈現給讀者–人讀的懂，但電腦不易得知文件的內容•HTML文件係將格式以標記形式安插在文件中，加上Internet功能–利用瀏覽器以視覺效果呈現給讀者，方便在網路上航行–其呈現效果與Word文件類似•XML是一種標記語言。XML文件中的標記是用來表示文件中的結構資訊XML&EB11XML&EB12XML&EB13HTML與XML的比較•HTML–SGML在Internet上的應用–一種資料呈現的技術–不具擴充性的標記•XML–SGML的精簡版+Internet功能–表現文件內容與結構–可依所需自訂標記(meta-language)XML&EB14為什麼使用XML•XML可以表現文件內豐富的結構資訊，有利於網路上的應用•HTML受制於固定的標記，無法表達各式各樣的結構•SGML可以表達各式各樣的結構，但太複雜，製作成本高，不實用XML&EB15XML小歷史•1996年在西雅圖的集會中，SGML專家探討如何結合SGML與web•SunMicrosystems的JonBosak領導朝兩個方向討論1.以HTML作為資訊格式的不足之處2.SGML作為web應用標準的缺失•“SGMLonweb”activity,07/1996–開始調適SGML成為合適於web•10/02/1998XML1.0誕生XML&EB16XML的目標1.便於在Internet上使用2.支援各種應用3.與SGML相容4.易於寫程式處理XML文件5.降低選擇性的特徵(features)6.人讀的懂7.XML的設計要迅速8.XML的設計要清楚和正規(formal)9.XML文件製作容易10.簡潔性並非重要考慮因素XML&EB17XML應用•Electroniccommerce•Electronicdatainterchange(EDI)•Fine-graincontentpublishing•Internetsearchengines•Distributedapplicationdesign•etc.XML&EB18XMLFundamentalsSource:•ExtensibleMarkupLanguage•Asyntaxfordocuments•AMeta-MarkupLanguage•AStructuralandSemanticlanguage,notaformattinglanguage•NotjustforWebpagesXML&EB21ExtensibleMarkupLanguage•Language–Ithasagrammar–Ithasavocabulary(sortof)–Itcanbeparsedbymachines•MarkupLanguage–Itsayswhatthingsare;notwhattheydo–Itisnotaprogramminglanguage–Itisnotcompiled•Extensible–YoucanaddwordstothelanguageXML&EB22XMLisaMetaMarkupLanguage•NotlikeHTML,troff,LaTeX•Makeupthetagsyouneedasyouneedthem•ThetagsyoucreatecanbedocumentedinaDocumentTypeDefinition(DTD)•Ametasyntaxfordomain-specificmarkuplanguageslikeMusicML,MathML,andXHTMLXML&EB23XMLApplications•AspecificmarkuplanguagethatusestheXMLmeta-syntaxiscalledanXMLapplication•DifferentXMLapplicationshavetheirownmoreconstrictedsyntaxesandvocabularieswithinthebroaderXMLsyntax•Furthersyntaxcanbelayeredontopofthis;e.g.datatypingthroughschemasXML&EB24XMLdescribesstructureandsemantics,notformatting•XMLdocumentsformatree–DocumentObjectModel(DOM)•Elementandattributenamesreflectthekindoftheelement–DTD,Schema•Formattingcanbeaddedwithastylesheet–CascadingStyleSheets(CSS)–ExtensibleStylesheetlanguage(XSL)XML&EB25XMLHypertext•AUniformResourceIdentifier(URI)namesorlocatesaresource•AnXLinkdefinesconnectionsbetweentwoormoredocumentsidentifiedbyURIs•XPathidentifiesparticularnodeswithinadocument•AnXPointeraddsanXPathtoaURI•XBasedefinestheURIagainstwhichrelativeURIsareresolved•XIncludeembedsadocumentidentifiedbyaURIinsideanXMLdocument.XML&EB26ASongDescriptioninHTMLdtHotCopddbyJacquesMorali,HenriBelolo,andVictorWillisulliProducer:JacquesMoraliliPublisher:PolyGramRecordsliLength:6:20liWritten:1978liArtist:VillagePeople/ulXML&EB27ASongDescriptioninXMLSONGTITLEHotCop/TITLECOMPOSERJacquesMorali/COMPOSERCOMPOSERHenriBelolo/COMPOSERCOMPOSERVictorWillis/COMPOSERPRODUCERJacquesMorali/PRODUCERPUBLISHERPolyGramRecords/PUBLISHERLENGTH6:20/LENGTHYEAR1978/YEARARTISTVillagePeople/ARTIST/SONGXML&EB28StyleSheetsProvideFormatting(CSS)SONG{display:block;font-family:NewYork,TimesNewRoman,serif}TITLE{display:block;font-size:24pt;font-weight:bold;font-family:Helvetica,sans}COMPOSER{di