[名词性从句]

Unit3TheMillionPoundBankNote英语句子的种类简单句(simplesentence)并列句(compoundsentence)复合句(complexsentence)英语句子结构概论复合句:主句+从句名词性从句定语从句状语从句1.TheboywhoisstandingoverthereisTom.2.Becauseitisraining,wehavetostayathome.定语从句状语从句3.Iknow(that)heisfromAmerica.(宾语从句）名词性从句---Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.Iwanttoknowwhowillwinthematch.Thequestioniswhowillwinthematch.Thequestionwhowillwinthematchisinteresting.主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句NounClauses(名词性从句)SubjectClause(主语从句)AppositiveClause（同位语从句）ObjectClause（宾语从句）PredicativeClause（表语从句）ObjectClauses宾语从句ConjunctionsofNounClauses（引导名词性从句的关联词）：从属连词（不作成分）连接代词（作主、宾、表、定）连接副词（作状语）what(ever),which(ever);who(ever),whom(ever),whosethat,whether,ifwhen(ever),where(ver),how(ever),why做及物动词的宾语做介词的宾语做形容词的宾语一、连词（引导词）1.that1)当宾语从句是由陈述句转变而来时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。LinTaofeels(that)hisownteamisevenbetter.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.2.在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的从句也可算是宾语从句(that可省略)。I’msorry(that)Idon’tknow.We’resure(that)ourteamwillwin.I’mafraid(that)hewon’tpasstheexam.3）宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：（1）当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省；Hesaid(that)helikedrainverymuchandthathewouldn’tuseanumbrellawhenitwasraining.（2）当that从句作介词宾语时，that不可省。Iknownothingabouthimexceptthatheisfromthecountryside.（3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句，that不可省。1.Idon’tthink___________sheiscoming.2.Idon’tthinkitnecessary_________youshouldreadEnglishaloud.3.Hetoldme__________hisfatherhaddiedand__________hehadtomakealivingalone.(that)thatthat(that)1.Idon’tdoubt______hecanspeakEnglish.2.Idoubt____________hecanspeakEnglish.whether/ifthat当宾语从句是由一般疑问句变来时时，由连词whether或if引导，“是否”，不能省略。(1)Lilywantedtoknow__________hergrandmalikedthehandbag.(2)Let’ssee___________wecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.(3)Sheaskedme___________shecouldborrowthesebooks.2.whether//ifwhether/ifwhether/ifwhether/if注意whether和if的使用区别:•1)whether和if都可以引导宾语从句，但a.当从句中有ornot时就用whether,不用if。b.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if表示“是否”。c.whethertodo做动词宾语不能用iftodo.•2)if可以引导条件状语从句，whether无此用法。Idon’tknowwhetherornotIwillstay.IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.Ifyouaretosucceed,yououghttoworkharder.Idon’tknowwhethertotellhimaboutthis.Practicetime1.Iaskedher____________shehadabike.2.We’reworriedabout_________heissafe.3.Idon’tknow_________heiswellornot.4.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.5.Idon’tknow__________Ishouldgo.if/whetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether/if__________togo.whether3.当宾语从句是由特殊疑问句转变而来时，由疑问词（what,who,whom,which,whose,when,where,how,why等）引导，因为疑问词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略。Doyouknow______hesaidjustnow?Idon’tremember_______wearrived.Iaskedhim_______Icouldgetsomuchmoneyinsoshortatime.Pleasetellme____________wehavetosee.Doyouknow_______timetheplaneleaves?whatwhenwherewho/whomwhat二、时态1.如果主句是现在的时态（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）。Iknowhe_______here.(live)Iknowhe_______heretenyearsago.(live)Ihaveheardthathe_________tomorrow.(come)liveslivedwillcome2.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）Iknewwho_______here.(live)Isawshe_____________hermother.(talk)Heaskedwhetherhisfather_______________tomorrow.(comeback)Hesaidthathe________itbefore.(see)3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时。Hesaidtheearth_______aroundthesun.（travel）livedwastalkingwithwouldcomebackhadseentravels三、语序宾语从句要用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分。1.Idon’tknowwhatisthematter/thetrouble/wrongwithhim.2.Idon’tknowwhodidit.3.Idon’tknowwhoishe.1.Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.2.Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.1.Idon’tknowwhathewantstobuy.2.Idon’tknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy.√√×√√21如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语，要使用形式宾语it而将真正的宾语that/wh-从句放到补足语后面；find,feel,think,believe,guess,makee.g.Ithoughtitstrangethathefailedtocallme．我觉得奇怪：他没给我打电话。用it作形式宾语的宾语从句•1).Canyoumakesure_________Alicehasputthegoldring.•2).Italldependson_______theywillsupportus.•3).Shewillgive__________needshelpawarmsupport.•4).Hemade____cleartothepublic______hedidanimportantandnecessaryjob.wherewhetherwhoeveritthat1.Theyoungmanasked_____it'ssummerorwinter.A.ifB.thatC.weatherD.whether2.Wedon'tknow______theydidit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.which3.Theteacherasksus____Jimcancomebackontime.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime4.Doesanybodyknow____wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.thatDABC5.Couldyoushowme________?A.howcanIgettothestationB.whereisthestationC.howIcouldgettothestationD.howIcanreachthestation6.Pleasetellme_______.A.whatdoeshelikeB.whathedoeslikeC.whathelikesD.whathelike7.Mysistertoldhim________.A.whatdaywasitB.whenthetrainarrivedC.whoshewaswaitingD.wheredidyouliveCBD8.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee_______.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis9.Couldyoutellmehowlong_______?A.youhaveboughtthewatchB.youhavekeptthissciencebookC.haveyoubeenawayfromChinaD.haveyoubeenamemberofGreenerChina10.Hesaidthatifit_______thenextday,he_______fishing.A.wouldrain,wouldn'tgoB.rains,won'tgoC.rained,wouldn'tgoD.rains,willgotoBCDPredicativeClauses表语从句从属连词(不作成分）连接代词（作成分）连接副词（作状语）what(ever),which(ever);who(ever),whom(ever),whosethat,whether,asif/asthough，becausewhen(ever),where(ever),how(e