英语语法汇总

英语语法汇总第一节名词和代词㈠名词：1.意义：表示人或事物名称的词。2.分类：专有名词：人名、地名、月份、星期、组织普通名词：可数名词和不可数名词可数名词包括个体名词和集体名词。不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词。3.名词的数4.名词的单复数：单数变复数的不规则变化复合名词的复数变化单复数同形的名词5.名词的所有格：①‘+s②of+名词③of+名词+’s名词的句法功能：主语、表语、宾语、宾补、介宾和同位语等成分。考点：名词的不规则复数变化复合名词的复数形式名词的所有格和名词词义辨析历年真题：1.Therewerealotof___waitingoutsidethetheatretoseethefamouspopsinger.A.crowdsB.assistantsC.fansD.attendants2.Thisisnotmycoat.It’s____.A.mydaughter’sB.ofmydaughter’sC.ofmydaughterD.tomydaughter3.Infact,___onecausethatleadstotheproblem.A.cattleisB.cattleareC.cattlesareD.thecattlesare4.“MayItakeyourordernow?”“We’dlikethreeblack___andtwogreen___.”A.coffee;cupsofteasB.coffees;teasC.cupsofcoffee;teaD.cupofcoffees;teas㈡代词:1.代词的种类：九大类2.不定代词的用法辨析考点：it的用法（人称代词、非人称代词、形式代词）反身代词相互代词连接代词历年真题：1.Therearetwowindowsinhisbedroom.___ofthemfacesouth,overlookingabeautifulpark.A.BothB.OneC.ThetwoD.Either2.I’dlikesomemorebananas.I’msorry,thereis___left.A.noB.someC.fewD.none3.Alotofgirlshavetried,but___havepassedtheexam.A.afewB.fewC.alittleD.little4.____areworkers.A.I,youandheB.You,IandheC.He,youandID.You,heandI第二节动词动词的种类:连系动词实义动词助动词情态动词常考考点：实义动词的辨析情态动词的用法动词的搭配历年真题：1.Mr.Jonesholdsstrongviewsagainstvideogamesand___theclosingofallrecreationfacilitiesforsuchgames.A.assistsB.acknowledgesC.advocatesD.admits2.Theaccident___thedeathoftwopassengers.A.isresultedinB.resultedinC.isresultedfromD.resultedfrom3.Heseems___tounderstandthesimplestinstruction.A.capableB.competentC.unableD.enableHe___killedlastnightifhehadtakenpartinthesurpriseattackonthenight.A.mightbeB.wouldbeC.mighthavebeenD.shouldhavebeenThey___theapartment,ortheywouldn’thavestayedsolong.A.mustlikeB.mustbelikeC.likedD.musthaveliked第三节形容词、副词及其比较级1.形容词的意义：表示人或事物的性质或特征。2.形容词各比较等级的常用句型⑴原级比较⑵比较级比较⑶最高级比较3.形容词比较级的几个特殊句型4.常见的修饰普通形容词和副词的程度状语5.常见的修饰形容词和副词比较级的程度状语6.多个形容词修饰一个名词的排序7.副词的排序：(M)+(P)+(T)(方式+地点+时间)8.倍数表达法：A+be+数字+倍数（times)+as…as考点：形意相似的形容词和副词的辨析倍数表达法常见的修饰形容词和副词或比较级的程度状语形容词和副词比较等级的句型常见副词或副词短语的用法与比较历年真题1.Thecostoftheprojectwasmuchhigherthanour__estimate.A.accurateB.frankC.rationalD.original2.Generallyspeaking,noddingyourheadis__tosayingyes.A.contraryB.equivalentC.secondaryD.relevant3.Marysaiditwas___boxformetocarry.A.atooheavyB.tooaheavyC.tooheavyaD.tooheavy4.Johnputsuphishand___theteacherasksaquestion.A.everytimeB.intimeC.sometimeD.attime第四节连词、介词及介词短语连词的分类并列连词：连接语法作用相同的两个单词、短语和分句从属连词：连接从属分句和主句的词并列连词：表示增添、选择、转折或对比、因果从属连词：引导名词性从句引导状语从句引导定语从句介词介词的分类：单一介词合成介词分词介词短语介词考点：常用的引导从句的从属连词，常用的介词惯用短语历年真题1.Wewillnotgototheparty__wearepolitelyinvited.A.ifB.howeverC.whetherD.unless2.___leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Whom3.Hefailedinhisexam,__provesthathewasn’tworkinghardenough.A.thatB.whichheC.whatD.which4.Thenews___ourfootballteamhadwonthematchexcitedallofus.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.as5.Itwasthe___madehimsuchagoodengineer.A.thatB.sothatC.whichD.what第五节冠词和数词冠词的分类：不定冠词定冠词零冠词冠词和名词的搭配数词：基数词和序数词考点：定冠词的用法（用在西洋乐器名称前，用在逢十的年份钱，用在人体某一部位的名称前）零冠词的用法（用在季节、法定节日、球类或棋类运动、一日三餐前）基数词与名词一起构成复合定语，它们中间有连字符，并且只用名词的单数形式。序数词：名词+基数词表示编号、号码序数词+名词表示顺序、次序历年真题1.ChristmasDayis__thedayof__family’sunion.A.a;aB.the;aC.the;theD.a;the2.Inplaying__,choosingatuneisveryimportant.A.pianoB.pianosC.apianoD.thepiano3.Hefinishedthegreatnovelinhis___.A.fortyB.fortiethC.fortiesD.fourteen4.___happinessisbuiltonthebasisofhealth.A.Ninth-tenthsB.Nine-tenthC.Nine-tenthsD.Nine-ten5.Theforeigngueststayedin__lastnight.A.Room204B.theRoom204C.the204roomD.204theroom6.ProfessorWhitewrotea___reportyesterday.A.two-thousand-wordsB.two-thousands-wordC.two-thousand-wordD.two-thousand-words高频语法第一节时态和语态知识点：各个时态的结构及用法各个时态的被动语态的结构及用法考点：常考的时态：过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时将来完成时语态的考点：被动语态的几种特殊用法：1.使役动词在被动语态中的用法2.情态动词的被动语态结构3.主动形式表示被动意义历年真题1.Ifyou__smokinganddrinking,yourhealthywillimprovesoon.A.gaveupB.giveupC.hadgiveupD.willgiveup2.Theyfulfilledtheplanearlierthanthey__.A.haveexpectedB.expectedC.wereexpectedD.hadexpected3.Turnonthetelevisionoropenamagazineandyou__advertisementsshowinghappy,balancedfamilies.A.areoftenseeingB.willoftenseeC.oftensawD.haveoftenseen4.Theprojecttocleanupthepollutedriver__bytheendofnextyear.A.isbeingcompletedB.hasbeencompletedC.willhavebeencompletedD.willhavecompleted5.Thethief___whileclimbingoverthegardenwall.A.hascaughtB.wascaughtC.caughtD.beingcaught6.Thewashingmachineneeds___beforeitcanbeused.A.repairingB.torepairC.beingrepairedD.toberepairing7.BythetimeyouarriveinLondon,we__inEuropefortwoweeks.A.shallstayB.havestayedC.willhavestayedD.havebeenstaying第二节非谓语动词三种形式：不定式、动名词、分词1.不定式：构成：todo功能：主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补、主补时态及被动语态2.动名词：构成：doing功能：主语、表语、定语、动宾、介宾时态及被动语态3.现在分词：构成：doing功能：定语、状语、表语、宾补时态及被动语态4.过去分词：构成：done功能：定语、状语、表语、宾补现在分词与过去分词的区别历年真题1.___tohimistotalktothewall.A.TotalkB.TalkC.TalkingD.Talked2.Ifeelitanhonor___tospeakhere.A.toaskB.tobeaskedC.askingD.havingasked3.Wearewarned____.A.notplayfireB.nottoplaywithC.don’tplayfireD.don’tplaywithfire4.Robertissaid___abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying5.Theyoungerthechild,themorereadilythemothergivesintohisdemandstoavoid__him.A.disappointingB.todisappointC.disappointD.toha