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第五讲形容词和副词形容词一、形容词的语法功能类型例句1.作定语Therearealotofwoodenhousesinthevillage.Thereissomethingwrongwiththecar.2.作表语Mybookisnew.Yoursisold.Themusicsoundssweet.3.作宾语补足语Wholeftthedooropen?Ithoughthimveryclever.形容词类型例句4.作状语形容词(短语)可置句首、句中和句尾；可看作是“being＋形容词”结构，或when，if，because等从句的省略。Hungryandtired，theyhadtostoptohavelunch.(原因)Ripe，theorangeswillsellwell.(时间)Alicetiptoedtothebed，carefulnottowakeupthebaby.(方式)形容词类型例句5.作主语和宾语(1)the＋rich/poor/young/old/blind/dead等形容词表示一类人或物，成为名词化的形容词，作主语时谓语动词通常要用复数形式。(2)以ed结尾的形容词，如thewounded，theaccused，theemployed，etc.一般指一类人，作主语时谓语动词通常要用复数形式。Thericharenotalwayshappy.Thewoundedhavebeensenttothehospital.形容词类型例句(3)thetrue，thegood，thebeautiful，theugly，thefalse，thebad等表示抽象概念的词作主语时，谓语动词通常要用单数形式。Thebeautifulisnotalwaysgood.形容词二、形容词的位置1．一般放在其修饰的词之前当一名词有多个修饰语时，其位置遵循以下词序：(1)冠词、指示代词、不定代词、物主代词、名词所有格；形容词(2)序数词、基数词；(3)一般形容词；(4)国籍、出处；(5)物质、材料；(6)用途、类别。thesetallyoungChinesesoldiers，aroundbrownwoodentable，afamousAmericanmedicalschool，etc.形容词2．形容词作后置定语类型例句(1)中心词为some，any，every，no等构成的不定代词，形容词作后置定语。Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.Haveyoumetanybodyelseatthegate？形容词类型例句(2)用and或or连接的形容词短语，形容词作后置定语。Allpeople，youngandold，areagainsttheplan.Allthebooks，oldornew，willbecleanedoutoftheshelf.(3)形容词后有不定代词或介词(短语)，形容词作后置定语。Thisisabookworthyofbeingread.形容词3.一些只作表语的形容词类型例句(1)某些以a开头的形容词：afraid，alike，alive，alone，ashamed，asleep，awake，aware，ect.Don’tbeafraid.muchafraid，soundasleep，wideawake，etc.形容词类型例句(2)某些用来表示健康状况或感觉反应的形容词：glad，ill，pleased，sorry，well，etc.Shewaspleasedwiththedress.(3)其他一些词，如drunk，sure，unable，worth，etc.Thebookiswellworthreading.I’mquitesurethathewillnotcometonight.形容词三、形容词的级1．形容词比较级和最高级的构成规律例词(1)一般单音节词尾加er(比较级)，est(最高级)strong－stronger－strongesthigh－higher－highest(2)单音节词如果以不发音的e结尾，只加r/st构成比较级/最高级strange－stranger－strangestwide－wider－widest形容词规律例词(3)闭音节的单音节词如果词尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写该辅音字母，再加er/est，构成比较级/最高级sad－sadder－saddestbig－bigger－biggesthot－hotter－hottest(4)少数以y/er/ow/ble结尾的双音节词方法同上(y改为i)angry－angrier－angriestheavy－heavier－heaviestclever－cleverer－cleverestnarrow－narrower－narrowestnoble－nobler－noblest形容词规律例词(5)其他双/多音节词，在词前加more/mostdifferent－moredifferent－mostdifferentinteresting－moreinteresting－mostinteresting(6)有些单音节词也加more/mostglad－moreglad－mostgladlike－morelike－mostlike形容词规律例词(7)不规则形容词的比较级和最高级good/well－better－bestbad/ill－worse－worstfar－farther－farthestfar－further－furthestmany/much－more－mostlittle－less－leastold－older/elder－oldest/eldestlate－later/latter－latest/lattest形容词2.形容词级的用法规律例句as＋原级＋asYourstoryisnotasinterestingashis.比较级＋thanThisroadiswiderthanthatone.less＋形容词＋thanThebookislessdifficultthanthatone.the＋比较级，the＋比较级Themoreyoureadthebook，themoreyouwillliketoreadit.形容词规律例句比较级＋and＋比较级HeismoreandmoreinterestedinlearningEnglish.the＋最高级＋in/ofSheisthemostlovelygirlofthefivechildreninthefamily.morethan＋主语＋can＋谓语ThatismorethanIcantellyou.morethan表示“不仅，非常”It’smorethanaletter；it’smyparents’love.Weweremorethanexcitedatthenews.moreAthanBSheismoreourfriendthanourteacher.副词一、副词的分类类型例词例句(1)时间副词表示确定时间和频率时间类：now，then，today，yesterday，tomorrow，ago，before，justnow，lately，recently，etc.频率类：often，usually，sometimes，seldom，never，frequently，hardly，ever，rarely，continually，etc.副词类型例词例句(2)地点副词表示地点和位置here，there，home，somewhere，nowhere，elsewhere，above，over，down，out，in，etc.(3)方式副词quickly，warmly，carefully，difficultly，nervously，politely，fast，slow，hard，well，high，straight，deep，etc.(4)程度副词much，little，very，too，quite，extremely，terribly，almost，nearly，hardly，etc.副词类型例词例句(5)疑问、连接和关系副词疑问副词用来引导特殊疑问句；连接副词用来引导主语、宾语和表语从句；关系副词用来引导定语从句Howareyougettingonwithyourfriends？Isthistheplacewheretheaccidenthappened？Canyoutellmewhyyoudidn’tcomeyesterday？Whenandwherewewillgoonholidayhasnotbeendecidedyet.副词类型例词例句(6)其他性质的副词这一类副词不修饰谓语动词，而是对句子进行说明或承接上下文，一般可用逗号与前文分开Generally，it’swrongtodosuchathing.Unfortunately，hehurthislegwhenplayingbasketball.Besides，wemustthinkofthefeelingsofothers.Therefore，wewentouttolookforthelostboy.副词二、副词的语法功能类型例句(1)作状语修饰形容词、动词、介词(短语)、副词，也可修饰整个句子Theappleistoosweet.Actually，heisright.(2)作表语(放在系动词之后)Classisover.副词类型例句(3)作定语(放在修饰词之后)Areyoucontentwiththelifehere？注意quite，such修饰名词时放在名词之前。Hespentquitealongtimethere.Youaresuchafool.(4)作补足语Pleaselethimin.副词三、副词在句子中的位置1.程度副词一般放在被修饰的动词、形容词或副词之前；如果实义动词之前有情态动词或助动词，程度副词要放在二者之间；如果是be动词，要放在be动词之后。常用的这类词有：just，too，fairly，nearly，slightly，exactly，absolutely，perfectly，etc.副词【注意】①quite同否定词连用时，位于not前后意义不同。Iquitedon’tunderstandher.我完全不了解她。Idon’tquiteunderstandher.我不十分了解她。②ly结尾，以避免语音上的不和谐。Shewalkedterriblyslowly.(误)Shewalkedterriblyslow.(正)副词2．频率副词通常放在行为动词前；当句中有情态动词、助动词或系动词时，则放在这类动词之后。常用的有：ever，rarely，often，sometimes，seldom，never，constantly，frequently，occasionally，always，usually，etc.Ioftenseeherwalkinthepark.Wemustalwaysrememberthis.Hehasneverbeenlate.副词【注意】①still，almost，nearly，never，already，just，always等程度副词可以放在助动词或情态动词之前，表示强调。Henevercanunderstandit.Shealreadyhasdoneherbest.Hereallyisunawareofit.②当程度副词和频率副词在句子中同时出现时，通常是程度副词修饰频率副词。Theynearlyalwaysspendtheirholidaysinthemountains.副词3．方式副词一般放在动词之后(1)在动词＋介词＋宾语结构中，方式副词既可置于介词前，也可置于宾语后；在动宾结构中，放在宾语之后。常用的有：fast，quickly，quietly，slowly，carefully，angrily，well，etc.ShespeaksFrenchwell.Helookedat