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非谓语动词在句子中担任谓语的动词,叫做________在句子中担任主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,补语的动词,叫做__________谓语动词与非谓语动词谓语动词非谓语动词非谓语动词的分类todo不定式doingdone过去分词______________(起名词作用)(起形容词副词作用)动名词现在分词1.作主语/表语(todo/doing)•LearningEnglishisimportant.•TolearnEnglishisimportant.•Seeingisbelieving.2.作定语(todo/doing/done)•thefallingleaves•thebrokencup•Heisalwaysthefirststudenttocome.•Doyouknowthegirlstandingthere？•HaveyoureadthenovelwrittenbyDickens?•Chinaisadevelopingcountry.•Germanyisadevelopedcountry.todo表示要去做，doing表示主动或进行，done表示被动或完成①不定式表示“将要”现在分词表示正在或主动过去分词表示完成或被动__________in2013Thebuilding__________now__________lastyearisateachingbuilding.tobebuiltbeingbuiltbuilt不定式,动名词,现在分词,过去分词作定语比较•3.作状语•Icameheretoseeyou.•Hesatthere,watchingTV.•Seeingnobodyathome,hedecidedtoleaveanote.•Givenmoretime,Icandoitbetter.•Seenfromthetower,thecitylooks•beautiful.Seenfromthetower,thecitylooksbeautiful.Heated,themetalexpands.(=Whenitisseenfromthetower,...)(=Whenitisheated,…)Givenanotherchance,Iwilldoitmuchbetter.(=IfIamgivenanotherchance),①todo作状语表示原因(放在表情绪的词后)目的和结果而doing,done作状语表示时间、原因(一般放句首)、条件、方式、伴随和结果(自然而然的结果)Hehurriedtothestation,onlytofindthetrainhadleft.Hiswifedied,leavinghim3children.不定式,现在分词,过去分词作状语比较Havingfinishedmywork,Isatdowntohavearest.Doing的完成式:完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。•4.作宾补•see,hear,have,make,find等动词的宾语后+do/doing/done•Isawhercrossthestreet.•Isawhercrossingthestreet.•Isawherknockeddownbyabike.•Iwillhavemycarrepaired.过去分词的逻辑主语1.过去分词用作宾语补足语时的基本结构是“动词+宾语+过去分词(用作宾语补足语)”,该结构中过去分词的逻辑主语就是它之前的“宾语”。如:Iheardmynamecalled.(myname为called的逻辑主语)2.过去分词作状语时,其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。如:Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldgrowbetter.(thetrees为given的逻辑主语)3.有时过去分词也能有自己独立的主语，一般为名(代)词，位于其前，和过去分词构成独立主格结构。如：Weatherpermitting,theywillgoout.(weather为permitting的逻辑主语)注：独立主格结构有时可在其前加上with,构成with+宾语+宾补(todo,doing,done,adj,adv,介词短语)形式,表原因，方式，伴随等。Withnothingtodo,Ifeelfree.Withherleadingtheway,Ihadnodifficultyfindingthehotel.Withmyjobfinished,Iwentouttoplay.Heoftensleepswiththewindowopen.Hewentoutwithahaton.Hecamein,withabookinhishand.(10全国I)Mrs.Whiteshowedherstudentssomeoldmaps____fromthelibrary.A.toborrowB.tobeborrowedC.borrowedD.borrowing(10四川)Agreatnumberofstudents____saidtheywereforcedtopractisethepiano.A.toquestionB.tobequestionedC.questionedD.questioning(10陕西)____fromthetopofthetower,thesouthfootofthemountainisaseaoftrees.A.SeenB.SeeingC.HaveseenD.Tosee(10浙江)Theexperimentshowsthatproperamountsofexercise,if____regularly,canimproveourhealth.A.beingcarriedoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout(08重庆)____toreachthemonthephone,wesentanemailinstead.A.FailB.FailedC.TofailD.Havingfailed(08陕西)____aroundtheWaterCube,wewerethentakentoseetheBird’sNestforthe2008OlympicGames.A.HavingshownB.TobeshownC.HavingbeenshownD.Toshow