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Module3ForeignFoodPeriod2GrammarandUsage--ReviewofAttributiveClause▇Goals●ToreviewAttributiveClause▇ProceduresStep1:SomepracticalexplanationsofAttributiveClause一、经常使用定语从句的场合:1.先行词为独一无二的物体时。如：Thesun,whichrisesintheeast,givesusheatandlight.太阳从东边升起，给我们发出光和热。2.先行词是指物的专有名词时。如：TheGreatWall,whichiscalledinChinese“TheTenThousandLiGreatWall”,isactuallymorethan6,000kilometerslong.长城，中国人称作“万里长城”，实际上6,000多公里。3.先行词指物且被指示代词或人称代词所修饰时。如：Thisisherhouse,whichwasbuiltlastyear.这是她的房子，是去年建的。4.定语从句修饰整个主句时。如：HeisfromAmerica,whichIknowfromhisaccent.他是美国人，这一点我从他的口音可以断定。二、定语从句引导词的选择:1.关系代词的选择1)非限制性定语从句的关系代词不能用that。指人时，如引导词做主语用who、作宾语用whom；指物时要用which.注意引导词作宾语也不能省略。如：Mr.Zhang,whocametoseemeyesterday,isanoldfriendofmyfather’s.张先生昨天来看我，他是我父亲的一位老朋友。（作主语）MissHowe,whomyoumetatthestation,isfromAmerica.豪小姐是美国人，你在车站见过她。（作宾语）TheGreatWallofChina,whichwasbuiltbyancientChinesepeople,isregardedasoneofthefewwondersoftheworld.长城是古代中国人民修建的，它被看作是世界上为数不多的奇迹之一。2)as和which的选择as和which都可用来引导非限制性定语从句，来指代整个主句的内容。非限制性定语从句位于句末、且as或which在从句中作主语、宾语或表语时，两者常可互换。如：Shefailedintheexam,which/aswasnatural.他考试没及格，这很自然。（作主语）Heisanhonestboy,which/asanybodycansee.任何人都能看得出来，他是个诚实的孩子。（作宾语）ThemanseemedaGerman,which/asinfacthewas.那个人似乎是个德国人，实事上他就是德国人。（作表语）但要注意以下区别：①如非限制性定语从句位于主句之前或插在主句之中时，只能用as。如。Aswehaveseen,oceanscovermorethan70percentoftheearth.我们已经看到，海洋占地球面积的百分之七十多。Thiskindofcomputer,asiswell-known,isoutofdate.众所周知，这种计算机现在已经过时了。②as在从句中作主语，后面常跟行为动词的被动式;which在从句中作主语，后常跟行为动词的主动式。如：Shehasbeenlateagain,aswasexpected.她又迟到了，这在预料之中。Itrainedhardyesterday,whichpreventedmefromgoingtothepark.昨天雨下得很大，使我无法去公园。Katealwaystellsalie,whichherparentsfindstrange.凯特总是说谎，她父母觉得这很奇怪。③当从句和主句语义一致时用as，表“正如”；反之用which。如：Thethiefcameagain,aswasexpected.小偷又一次来了，这是预料之中的。（语义一致）Theelephantislikeasnake,whichisnotright.大象像一条蛇，这是不对的。（语义不一致）④as用常用在asoftenhappens,aswaspointedout,aswassaidabove,asIremember,asIunderstand等结构中。如：Jackhaswonthefirstprize,asoftenhappens.像往常一样，杰克获得了一等奖。2.关系代词和关系副词的选择在非限定性定语从句中，关系代词和关系副词的选择方法和限制性定语从句一样：引导词在从句中作主语或宾语时，用关系代词；作状语时用关系副词。如：（Iwanttobuythehouse,whichhasagarden.我想买那个房子，那个房子有一个花园。作主语）Theplace,whichIvisitedbefore,haschangedgreatly.这地方我以前来过，现在变化很大。（作宾语）ThestoryinthebooktakesplaceinCanada,whereDoctorBethunewasborn.书中故事发生在加拿大，白求恩大夫就是在那里出生的。（作状语）3.关系副词和人称代词、指示代词的选择选关系代词还是人称代词，关键是分清句子结构。如是非限制性定语从句（两句中间以逗号隔开，且无连词），用关系代词；如是并列句（全句中有连词、两句中间为句号或分号），用人称代词或指示代词。请试填：①Hehasthreesons,noneof____isadoctor.②Hehasthreesons,____aredoctors.③Hehasthreesons,butnoneof____isadoctor.④Hehasthreesons;____aredoctors.A.whomB.themC.theyD.who题解：①、②两题中间为逗号且无连词，说明后句为非限制性定语从句③、④题为并列句。答案：ADBC.Step2:定语从句对比练习1.①Thisisoneofthemostinterestingfilms_____shownlastweek.②Thisistheveryoneofthemostinterestingfilms_____shownlastweek.A.whichwasB.thatwasC.whichwereD.thatwere2.①Hehastwosons,_____arecollegestudents.②Hehastwosons,and_____arecollegestudents.A.bothofwhichB.bothofwhomC.bothofthemD.bothofit3.①Hestilllivesintheroom_____windowfacestotheeast.②Hestilllivesintheroom,thewindow_____facestotheeast.③Hestilllivesintheroom_____isinthenorthofthecity.④Hestilllivesintheroom_____thereisabeautifultable.A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.ofwhich4.①_____leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.②_____wholeavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.③_____wholeavetheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.A.AnyoneB.WhoC.ThoseD.Whoever5.①_____weallknow,Chinaisrichinnaturalresources.②_____iswell-knownthatChinaisrichinnaturalresources.③_____iswell-known,Chinaisrichinnaturalresources.A.WhichB.AsC.ItD.That6.①I’llneverforgetthedays_____westudiedtogether.②I’llneverforgetthedays_____wespenttogether.A.thatB.不填C.whenD.AandB7.①Thisistheonlyway_____youcanfind.②Idon’tliketheway_____hespoketohismother.A.thatB.不填C.inwhichD.A,BandCE.AandB8.①Galileocollectedthefacts__provedtheearthandalltheotherplanetsmovearoundthesun.②Galileodiscoveredthefact_____theearthandalltheotherplanetsmovearoundthesun.A.thatB.whichC.不填D.AandB9.①Isthismuseum_____theyvisitedlastmonth?②Theteachertellsusthat_____cleanstheblackboardistobepraised.A.thatB.theoneC.whichD.theonewho10.①Itwaseleveno’clock_____theywentoutofthecinema.②Itwasateleveno’clock_____theywentoutofthecinema.C.whenA.whichKeys:1.①D3.①BB.that②B②D③A④CD.onwhich2.①B②C4.①D②A③C5.①B②C③B6.①C②D7.①E②D8.①D②A9.①B②D10.①C②B；