东南大学学术论文写作-单元1Unit1

•Tounderstandthestyleandfeaturesofacademicdiscourses;•Todistinguishbetweentheacademicstyleandthepersonalstyleofwriting;•Torecognizevariouslevelsofformality;•Touseappropriatewordsandsentencesinacademicwriting.LearningObjectives•Howisacademicwritingdifferentfromotherformsofwriting?•Whatisyourpurposeofinitiatinganacademicresearch?•Whatarethekeycharacteristicsofacademicwriting?I.Warm-up1.Summarizethekeycharacteristicsofacademicwritinganddiscusswithapartneraboutwhythesefeaturesprevailinacademicwriting.II.SampleReadingKeyacademicwritingfeaturesReasonsbehindObjectivityComplexityFormalstructureReferencingThereadersneedevidence-basedfactsratherthanyourpersonalopinions.Academicwritingoftendiscussesdifficult,challengingideaswhichcanonlybeexpressedwithparticulargrammarandlanguage.Academicwritingshouldbeclear,conciseandstructured.Scientificdiscoveriesaremadebybuildingontheideasofotherpeople.Anotherreasonistoavoidplagiarism.2.Matchthefollowingwritingstrategieswiththepossiblefeaturesinthebox.II.SampleReadinga.objectivityb.complexityc.formalstructured.referencing_________1)areferencesystem_________2)emptyintroductoryphrases_________3)agreateruseofcontentwords_________4)passivevoice_________5)cohesionandcoherence_________6)relativeclauses_________7)hedginglanguage_________8)same-lengthParagraphs_________9)nounphrasesdabacbacb3.Whichoftheitalicizedwordsineachsentencewouldbemoresuitableforanacademicpaper?Writedownthecorrectanswers.II.SampleReading1.Thegovernmenthasmadegood/considerableprogressinsolvingenvironmentalproblems.Thegovernmenthasmadeconsiderableprogressinsolvingenvironmentalproblems.2.Wegot/obtainedencouragingresults.Weobtainedencouragingresults.3.Theresultsofalotof/numerousdifferentprojectshavebeenprettygood/encouraging.Theresultsofnumerousdifferentprojectshavebeenprettygood/encouraging.4.Alossofjobsisoneofthethingsthatwillhappen/consequencesiftheprocessisautomated.Alossofjobsisoneoftheconsequencesiftheprocessisautomated.5.ThefutureofFederalfundingisupintheair/uncertain.ThefutureofFederalfundingisuncertain.A.WordChoiceIII.LanguageFocusAcademicvoicecanbewellexpressedbychoosingwords.Adistinctivefeatureofacademicwritingstyleischoosingthemoreformalones.TheEnglishlanguageoftenhastwoormorechoicestoexpressanactionoroccurrence.aphrasalverbvs.asingleverbLessformalstyle:Researcherslookedatthewaystrainbuildsuparoundafault.Academicstyle:Researchersobservedthewaystrainaccumulatesaroundafault.A.WordChoice1.Matchtheinformalphrasesinthefirstcolumnwiththeformalverbsinthesecondcolumn.Thenwritethenounformsoftheseformalverbsinthethirdcolumn.Thefirstoneisgivenasanexample.III.LanguageFocus1.trytofindout2.lookatcarefully3.goupanddown4.setup5.getridof6.cutdown7.helpout8.goup9.lookinto10.makesuresomethingistrueverify()examine()establish()increase()investigate()assist()discover()eliminate()reduce()fluctuate()verificationexaminationestablishmentincreaseinvestigationassistancediscoveryeliminatereductionfluctuationColumn1Column2Column310249875163A.WordChoice2.Rewritethefollowingsentencestomakethemmoreformalbysubstitutingasingleverbforthephraseinitalics.III.LanguageFocus1.Theimplementationofcomputer-integrated-manufacturing(CIM)hasbroughtaboutsomeseriousproblems.2.Theprocessshouldbedoneoveruntilthedesiredresultsareachieved.3.Plansarebeingmadetocomeupwithadatabasecontainingdetailedenvironmentalinformationfortheregion.4.Subtlechangesintheearth'scrustwerepickedupbythesenewdevices.5.Proposalstoconstructnewnuclearreactorshavemetwithgreatresistancefromenvironmentalists.Theimplementationofcomputer-integrated-manufacturing(CIM)hascreatedsomeseriousproblems.Theprocessshouldberepeateduntilthedesiredresultsareachieved.Plansarebeingmadetodevise/compile/createadatabasecontainingdetailedenvironmentalinformationfortheregion.Subtlechangesintheearth'scrustweredetectedbythesenewdevices.Proposalstoconstructnewnuclearreactorshaveencounteredgreatresistancefromenvironmentalists.B.FormalGrammarandStyleIII.LanguageFocusSentencestructuresinacademicwritingaremorecomplex.AcademicwritingshouldNOTbecomplicated.Itshouldberelativelyeasytofollow,writteninaclear,directstyle.Recommendationsformaintainingaformalacademicwritingstyle.■Avoidcontractions.Exportfigureswon'timproveuntiltheeconomyisstronger.Exportfigureswillnotimproveuntiltheeconomyisstronger.B.FormalGrammarandStyleIII.LanguageFocus■Usethemoreappropriateformalnegativeforms.not...any—nonot...much—littlenot...many—fewTheanalysisdidn'tyieldanynewresults.-»Theanalysisyieldednonewresults.Thegovernmentdidn'tallocatemuchfundingfortheprogram.-»Thegovernmentallocatedlittlefundingfortheprogram.Thisproblemdoesn'thavemanyviablesolutions.-»Thisproblemhasfewviablesolutions.B.FormalGrammarandStyleIII.LanguageFocus■Limittheuseofrunonexpressions,suchasandsoforth“andetc.Thesesemiconductorscanbeusedinrobots,CDplayers,etc.—Thesesemiconductorscanbeusedinrobots,CDplayers,andotherelectronicdevices.■Avoidaddressingthereaderasyou.YoucanseetheresultsinTable1.-»TheresultscanbeseeninTable1.■Limittheuseofdirectquestions.Whatcanbedonetolo