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高一英语定语从句的归纳一．几个基本概念1.定语从句的定义：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。3.定语从句的位置：紧跟先行词（名词或代词）之后。4.引导词：引导定语从句的词（包括关系代词和关系副词）。﹙1﹚关系代词：that/who/whom/which/as﹙2﹚关系副词：when/where/why5.引导词的位置：位于定语从句之前（先行词之后）。【as除外】6.引导词的功能（作用）：﹙1﹚连接先行词和定语从句。﹙2﹚在定语从句中充当一定的成分（关系代词充当主语或宾语，关系副词充当状语）。7.定语从句的类型：﹙1﹚限定性定语从句（主句和定语从句之间无逗号）。①直接由引导词引导定语从句Themanwhoyou’retalkingtoismyfriend.②由介词+关系代词（whom/which）引导Themantowhomyou’retalkingismyfriend.IneedapenwithwhichIcanwritealetter.=IneedapieceofpaperonwhichIcanwritealetter.介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。例如：Theman(who/whom/that)Italkedabout(介词)atthemeetingisfromBeijingUniversity.=Themanabout（介词）whomItalkedatthemeetingisfromBeijingUniversity.Thepalace(which/that)Ioftenpayavisitto（介词）wasbuiltinthe17thcentury.=Thepalaceto（介词）whichIoftenpayavisitwasbuiltinthe17thcentury.二.定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的基本用法。1.who/that指人，在定语从句中代替先行词，又作定语从句的主语，不能省略。Doyouknowthegentlemanwho/that（代替gentlmen,在从句中作主语）issittingthere?2.whom/who/that指人，在定语从句中代替先行词，又作定语从句的宾语（动宾或介宾）。①当作动宾（动词后接宾语）时，关系代词可省略。Doyouknowthegentlemanwhom/who/that（代替met后面thegentlmen,从句中做宾语)wemetjustnow?②当作介宾（介词后接宾语）时：介词不提前时，关系代词可省略；介词提前时，关系代词不可省略，即介词＋whom(指人时介词后的关系代词只能用whom)。Theman(whom/who/that，可省略)Ispokewith（介词没提前）ismyteacher.Themanwith（提前了）whom（whom不可省略）Ispokeismyteacher.※注：固定的动词短语（动词+介词）如lookfor,takecareof等不能把动词与介词拆开，既介词不能提至引导词前。Sheistherightgirl(who/whom/that)wearelookingfor.3.whose:指人或物，是所有格“…的”形式。Whose+n.一起在定语从句中充当主语、宾语（动宾或介宾）即先行词的什么东西怎样了，whose不能省略。。Whose+n.=the+n.+ofwhich/whom=ofwhich/whom+the=n.Ididn’tfindthedeskwhoselegwasbroken.（主语）Heisthestudentwhosepencil（动词broke的宾语）Ibrokeyesterday.（动宾）ThebossinwhosecompanyIworkisverykind.（介宾）4.which/that指物，指代先行词且在定语从句中作主语或宾语（宾语包括动宾或介宾）。①当作动宾时，关系代词可省略。②当作介宾时：介词不提前时，关系代词可省略；介词提前时，关系代词不可省，即介词＋which(指物时介词后的关系代词只能用which)。Thehousewhich/thatwasdestroyedintheearthquakeisweak.Thepen(which/that)youfoundyesterdayismine.Thegames(that/which)theyoungmencompetedinweredifficult.Thegamesinwhichtheyoungmencompetedweredifficult.※注:介词+关系代词即介词+whom/which(先行词指人用whom，指物用which)。※5.as指人或物，在定语从句中可作主语，宾语，表语或状语，不能省略。主要用于“thesame…as…；such…as…；so…as…；as…as…；asfollows”固定结构中，形式固定此时的引导限定性定语从句。要用as代替who(m),which,或that引导定语从句：SuchpeopleasknewHillthoughthewashonest.SuchpeopleasHillknewthoughthewashonest.Myhometownisnolongerthesameasitwas.Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.Thechildknowsasmuchasgrow-ups(know).I’dliketohavethesamebooksasareusedinyourschool.HeisnotsuchapersonasIexpected.Hewillmarryasprettyagirlashecanfind.※注：which和as可引导非限定性定语从句：可以指代主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容，which和as都可以指代主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容，有时可以互换。因此，当as/which指代前面的整个句子，或前句中的部分内容作定语从句的主语时，谓语用单数．Ourteamlostthegame,as/whichwasreportedinthenewspaper.Shewasterrified,as/whichIcouldseefromhereyes.Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.6when关系副词：指时间。在定语从句中作时间状语，不能省略。此时的when还可用介词+which替换（此时先行词一定是表时间的名词）。IstillrememberthetimewhenIjoinedtheLeague.＝IstillrememberthetimeonwhichIjoinedtheLeague.＝Istillrememberthetime(which/that)IjoinedtheLeagueon.7.where关系副词：指地点。在定语从句中作地点状语，不能省略。此时的where还可用介词+which替换（此时先行词一定是表地点的名词）。IstillremembertheschoolwhereIjoinedtheLeague.＝IstillremembertheschoolinwhichIjoinedtheLeague.＝Istillremembertheschool(which/that)IjoinedtheLeaguein.※注：对关系副词when,where的认识。①.先行词是时间的名词，并非都用关系副词when引导定语从句。I’llneverforgetthetime(which/that)Ispent（及物动词，后面省略thetime）inBeijing.②.先行词是地点的名词，并非都用关系副词where引导定语从句。Thisisthefactory(which/that)hevisited(及物动词，后面省略thefactory)yesterday.③.当句型为It/This/Thatis(was)thefirst(second…last)time引起的句子时用that连接其后的句子。此时的time是次数，不是时间。It/Thisisthefirsttimethatwetravel.It/ThisisthelasttimethatIshallgiveyoualesson.8.why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，先行词通常为reason,不能省略。且why引导的定语从句只能是限定性定语从句。Why=forwhichIdon’tknowthereasonwhyhewaslateyesterday.Thereasonwhy(forwhich)hewaslateisthathemissedthebus.※注：当先行词为reason时，关系副词并非都用why。Thisisthereason(that/which)hegave/explained（及物动词，后面省略thereason）tous.【判断用关系代词还是关系副词】从句缺少的是主语、宾语还是状语是确定用关系代词还是关系副词的关键。试比较：Iwillneverforgettheday(which/that)IspentinHongkong.(spent是及物动词，后缺宾语，因此用关系代词或省略)Iwillneverforgetthedaywhen/onwhichHongkongreturnedtoitsmotherland.（从句主谓宾结构完整，缺状语，因此用关系副词或介词加关系代词）Thereason（that/which）hegavefornotcomingtoschoolyesterdayisn’tbelievable.(gave是及物动词，后缺宾语，因此用关系代词或省略)Thereasonwhyhedidn’tcometoschoolyesterdayisn’tbelievable.（从句主谓宾结构完整，缺状语，因此用关系副词或介词加关系代词）三.值得注意的几个问题：第一.当先行词是物时，关系代词(that/which)只用that的情况。1.当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。Thisisthebestfilmthathasbeenshownthisyear.Thisisthefirstbook(that)Iborrowfromthelibrary.※Heisthefirststudentthat/whocametoschooltoday.2.当先行词为两个或两个以上分别指人和物的名词时。Hetalkedabouttheteachersandtheschool(that)hehadvisited.3.当先行词本身是all的，用that。(allthat=what)Allthat(what)Iwanttosaytoyouis“Thankyou”.=All(what)Iwanttosaytoyouis“Thankyou”.Gooverallthat(what)welearned.=Gooverall(what)welearned.（that在定语从句中充当宾语可以省略）4.先行词为something,anything,nothing,everything,thing时，用that.I’lltellyouanything(that)Iknow.5.当先行词前有all,much,little,many,(a)few,every,some,any,no,only,thevery,oneof,theonly,thelast,thenext等修饰语时。Thisisoneofthebooks(that)I’mveryinterestingin.※ThisisoneofthebooksinwhichI’mveryinteresting.Thisistheonlybook(that)Iread.Heistheonlyoneoftheboysthatlikesplayingthepiano.Allthe