英语语言学试卷精粹及答案(10套题)

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有答案的第一部分选择题41、Explainhowtheinventoryofsoundscanchange,givingsomeexamplesinEnglishforillustration.42、Brieflydiscusstheindividualfactorswhichaffecttheacquisitionofasecondlanguage.英语语言学试题(2)五、论述题(每小题10分,共20分)36.Paraphraseeachofthefollowingsentencesintwodifferentwaystoshowthesyntacticrulesaccountfortheambiguityofsentences.(1)Theshootingofthehuntersmightbeterrible.(2)Hesawyoungmenandwomenpresent.(3)Theyweresurprisedatthepresident'sappointment.37.Decidethemeaningofthefollowingaffixesandgiveeachaffixtwoexamples.re-un-anti-super--wise-itis-ize-age英语语言学试题(3)Ⅴ.Answerthefollowingquestions.(10%×2=20%)41.Explainwithexamplesthethreenotionsofphone,phonemeandallophone,andalsohowtheyarerelated.英语语言学试题(5)五、论述题(第41、42小题各7分,第43小题6分,共20分)41.Underwhatconditionswilltwosoundsbeassignedtothesamephoneme?42.Forthefollowingsentence,drawatreediagramtorevealitsunderlyingstructure.Thegirlatetheorange.43.StudythepassagetakenfromShakespeare’sHAMLETbelowcarefullyandidentifyeverydifferenceinexpressionbetweenElizabethanandModernEnglishthatisevident.King:WhereisPolonius?Hamlet:Inheaven,Sendthithertosee.Ifyourmessengerfindhimnotthere,seekhimi’theotherplaceyourself.Butindeed,ifyoufindhimnotwithinthismonth,youshallnosehimasyougoupthestairsintothelobby.ActIV,Sceneiii英语语言学试题(6)41.Thephonologicalfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofindividualsoundsarecalledsuprasegmentalfeatures.Discussthemainsuprasegmentalfeatures,illustratingwithexampleshowtheyfunctioninthedistinctionofmeaning.42.Explainandgiveexamplestoshowinwhatwaycomponentialanalysisissimilartotheanalysisofphonemesintodistinctivefeatures.英语语言学试题(7)五、论述题(每小题10分,共20分)1.CommentonthefollowingconversationintermsofGrice’sCooperativePrinciple:A:Where’veyoubeen?B:Out.2.Analysethefollowingwordsandshowhowmanymorphemeseachofthemcontains:specialize,indisputable,individualistic,downfall,unexceptionableness,ungentlemanliness(每个语素0.5分)英语语言学试题(8)语言学试题)41.Whydowesaytreediagramsaremoreadvantageousandinformativethanlinearstructureinanalyzingtheconstituentrelationshipamonglinguisticelements?Supportyourstatementwithexamples.42.Describetheprocessoflanguageperception,comprehensionandproduction英语语言学试题(9)语言学试题及参考答案41.ExplainsociologicaltriggersforlanguagechangebygivingatypicalexampleinthehistoryofEnglish.42.Explainbrieflythefourmainindividuallearnerfactorsthataffectalearner'sacquisitionofasecondlanguage.语言学试题参考答案一、单项选择题(本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分)1、C2、C3、D4、D5、D6、B7、B8、C9、A10、D二、填空题(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分)11、knowledge12、bilabial13、morphology14、sentence15、complete16、representatives17、coinage18、delete19、critical20、interlanguage三、判断改错题(本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分)21、FActuallymodernlinguisticslaysmoreemphasisonthespokenformoflanguagethanthewrittenformforanumberofreasons.22、FVoicingdistinguishesmeaninginEnglishbutnotinChinese.23、FThemeaningofsomecompoundwordshasnothingtodowiththesumtotalofthemeaningsoftheircomponents,suchasthecompoundredcoat.24、FApartfromSandC,theyalsorefertoaword,oraphrasethatperformsaparticulargrammaticalfunction.25、FDialectalsynonymscanoftenbefoundnotonlyindifferentregionaldialectssuchasBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishbutalsowithinthevarietyitself.Forexample,withinBritishEnglish,girliscalledlassieinScottishdialect,andliquoriscalledwhisheyinIrishdialect.26、T27、T28、FTheyhaveafairlyclearfairlyclearfunctionaldifferentiation,i.e.onelanguagemaybeusedinsomedomains,otherlanguageinotherdomains.29、FThetruestatementisAccordingtothestrongversionoftheSapir-Whorfhypothesis,languagedeterminesspeakers'perceptionsandpatternstheirwayoflife30、T四、名词解释题(本大题共10小题,每小题3分,共30分)31、Oneofthemajordefiningfeaturesofhumanlanguage.Humanlanguageconsistsoftwolevels.Atthelowerlevel,therearealimitednumberofsoundswhicharemeaninglesswhileatthehigherlevelthereareanunlimitednumberofcombinationsofthesesounds.Itisalsoknownasdoublearticulation.32、Linguisticsthatstudieslanguageoveraperiodoftime,alsoknownashistoricallinguistics,e.g.thestudyoftheChineselanguagesincetheendoftheQingdynastyuptothepresent.33、Awaytotranscribespeechsounds.Thebasicprincipleistouseonelettertoindicateonesound.Itisgenerallyusedindictionariesandlanguageteachingtextbooks.34、Therulesthatgovernwhichaffixcanbeaddedtowhattypeofstemtoformanewword,e.g.-lycanbeaddedtoanountoformanadjective.35、arewriterulethatallowsforthepossiblecombinationsofwordstoformphrasesandsentences36、Relationalopposites,akindofantonyms,refertopairsofwordsthatexhibitthereversalofarelationshipbetweenthetwoitems.Forexample,husbandandwife,fatherandsonetc.37、Componentialanalysisisawayproposedbythestructuralsemanticiststoanalyzewordmeaning.Theapproachisbaseduponthebeliefthatthemeaningofawordcanbedissectedintomeaningcomponents,calledsemanticfeatures.Forexample,thewordmanisanalyzedascomprisingof+HUMAN,+ADULT,+ANIMATE,+MALE.38、Contextisregardedasconstitutedbyallkindsofknowledgeassumedtobesharedbythespeakerandthehearer,Forexample,theknowledgeofthelanguageusedandtheknowledgeoftheworld,includingthegeneralknowledgeabouttheworldandthespecificknowledgeaboutthesituationinwhichlinguisticcommunicationistakingplace.39、Aeuphemismisamild,indirectorlessof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