搜索
BeowulfTheAnglo-SaxonPeriodBeowulf•ThesongofbeowulfisanEngland'snationgalepicanditsheroBeowulf--oneofthenationalheroesoftheEnglishpeople.Thewholesongisessentiallypaganinspiritandmatter,whiletheinterpolationisobviouslyanadditionmadebythechristianwhocopiedsong.therewasamonstercalledGrendel,foritalwayseatswarriorsoftheking,sothekingaskedbeowulfforhelp,beowulffightswithitandmadeitwoundedbadlythenitdiedafterrushedouttothemarshes.Grendel'smotherwantstotaketherevengeforthedeathofherson.sosheseizedtheking'sbestfriend,beowulffollowedthebloodytrail,thistimetheyfightunderthewater,that'sthedwellingofthemonster'mother,alsotheyhadabigfight,atlast,ourherocutofftheheadsofthemonsterandhismother.Afterhefinishedthemission,hewentbackhomewhereheruledaskingforfiftyyears.thelastpartofthepoemtellsthatoneofbeowulf'ssubjectsstolesomeofthetreasurewhichhadbeenguardingforthreehundredyearsbyadragon,thedragoncanbreathfire.soourherosoughtthedragoninhiscaveandkilledit.butbeowulfmortallywounded,anddiedafterseeinginthecavetheheapsoftreasure.atlast,accordingtohiswill,thepeoplefollowedhisinstructionhowtoburyhisbodyandhowtorulethecountryafterhisdeath.theyburiedhisashunderatremendousmoundandpiledtheearthandstonessohighthatthemoundthereafterbecameabeaconfortheseafarerswhosailedalongthecoast,thus,evenafterhisdeath,beowulfcontinuedtoservepeople.That'it.Ihopeitcangiveyousomehelp.That'smypleasure.1.WhatisthethemeofBeowulf?1、Beowulf,whichcentersonthenarrationoftheexploitsoftheheroicfigureBeowulf,ismainlyabouthisthreemajoradventures.Itreflectsalifeoffightsandfeasting（盛宴）,ofceremony,ofbrilliantgoldandsuddendarkness.Hereisaworldofsacredobligations,feud（世仇，宿怨）andvengeance（报仇，复仇）withheroicfigureswhoareproudoftheirbirthandtheirphysicalstrength.Butbeyondthis,theforcesoffateseemtocontrolman’sdestiny（命运，宿命）withmysteriousomnipotence（万能，全能）,whileevilitselfisbothprimordial（原始的，最初的，根本的）andpowerful.However,thematically（主题地）thepoempresentsavividpictureofhowtheprimitivepeoplewage（从事，进行）heroicstrugglesagainstthehostileforcesofthenaturalworldunderawiseandmightyleader.Thepoemisanexampleofthemingling（混合）ofnaturemythsandheroiclegends.Forthoseinterestedinsymbols,thesimplestinterpretationofthemythsinthepoemistoregardBeowulf’ssuccessivefightsagainstthethreemonstersastheovercomingofthehostileforcesofnaturebyman’sindomitable（不屈不挠的）willandperseverance（毅力）.Forexample,thebattlebetweenBeowulfandDragonsymbolicallyrepresentsthatphaseofWinterandSummermythinwhichtheSummerGod,hereembodiedbyBeowulf,fightshislastbattleagainsttheWinterDragoninordertorescuethetreasuresofearth,thatis,thegoldencorn（谷物）andruddy（红色的，健康的）fruits.Havinggiventhembacktomen,BeowulfhimselfdiesoftheWinner’sbreath.2.WhatistheheroicidealofBeowulf?2、Beowulfisessentiallyanaristocratic（贵族似的）poemconcernedwiththeheroicidealofkingsandkingship（王权，王位）inNorthEurope.Thesocialpatternsascribedinhepoemarefeudal（封建的）,highlyviolent.Battleisawayoflife.Strengthandcouragearebasicverdures（朝气，活力）forbothkingsandhiswarriors.Thehero-kingstrovetodobetterthananyoneelsethethingsthatarevitallyimportanttohappylifeofhispeople.Thekingshouldprotecthispeopleandshowgentleness（宽仁）andgenerosity（慷慨）tohiswarriors.Andinreturn,hiswarriorsshouldshowabsoluteobedienceandloyaltytotheking.BypraisingBeowulf’swisdom,strengthandcourage,andbyglorifying（崇仰）hisdeathforhispeople,thepoempresentstheheroicidealofakingandhisgoodrelationstohiswarriorsandpeople.3.WhatisthestructureofBeowulf?3、Accordingtothecontentsofthestory,thepoemcanbedividedintothreeparts：PartI：thefightagainstGrendelPartII：thefightagainstGrendel’smotherPartIII：thefightagainsttheDragonBeowulfisanoralpoemandforcenturiesthebards古塞尔特族的游唱诗人）singittothepeople.Asitisquitelong,thebardcouldonlysingapartofthestoryeachnight.UsuallyhewouldsingoneadventureonthefistnightaboutthebattlewithGrendel.Thenonthesecondnight,hewouldcontinueandsingaboutBeowulf’sfightagainstGrendel’smother.However,theremightbesomenewlisteners.Sobeforehecametothesecondadventure,hewouldgiveashortsummaryaboutwhathesangthenightbefore.Andonthethirdnight,hewouldgivealongersummaryaboutwhathappenedonthefirsttwonights.Thereisalsoaprelude（序曲，前言）toinvent（虚构）anallusion（引述，典故）totherealstoryandtoserveasacontrastorcomparisontothemainstory.Thepoembeginswiththefuneralofakingandroundsupwiththatofanother.4.CanyougiveadescriptionofstyleinBeowulf?4、“Beowulf”towersaboveallotherliteraryworkswritteninAnglo-Saxon,chieflybecauseitisapowerfulpoemaboutapeople’sherowrittenintrueepicstyle,andnotsomuchbecausetheotherextant（现存的）writingsoftheperiodaremediocre（低劣的，无价值的)orfragmentary（碎片的，不完全的）.Beowulfisnotsimplyamanofgreatmilitaryprowess（英勇）butheisforevereagertohelpothersindistress（危险）andinhislastadventurewiththedragonheshowshimselfaworthyleaderreadytosacrificehisownlifeforthewelfareofhispeople.Settingasidethesupernatural超自然的，神奇的）elementspervading（遍布）thepoemasaninevitablelimitationofthetribal-feudalage,“Beowulf”deservestoberankamongthegreatheroicpoemsofEurope.Inartisticfromtheepictellsthetaleinaleisurelyway,fullofelaborations（精密）inlegendarydetails,andtheverse（诗，韵文）risesatplacestohe