轻型木结构轻木构件

加拿大木业协会设计师培训班第一阶段–轻型木结构CanadaWoodLevel1-Wood-FrameConstruction构件设计FramingComponentsHerbertOttoB.Arch.,MRAIC锯材SawnTimber胶合材Plywood轻型木结构房屋使用不同的木产品AVarietyofWoodProductsareUsedtoFrameaHouse木基结构材WoodBasedBuildingMaterials规格材Dimensionedframinglumber轻型木结构使用标准的规格材（软木）Standarddimensionsoftwoodlumberusedinwood-frameconstruction名义尺寸Nominaldimensions2x2,2x3,2x4,2x6,2x8,2x10,2x12实际尺寸Actualdimensions1½”x1½”(38mmx38mm)1½”x2½”(38mmx64mm)1½”x3½”(38mmx89mm)1½”x5½”(38mmx140mm)1½”x7¼”(38mmx184mm)1½”x9¼”(38mmx235mm)1½”x11¼”(38mmx235mm)长度Lengths从2.4m到7.3m，每级增加600mmIncrementsof2feet(600mm)from8ft(2.4m)to24ft(7.3m)木基结构材WoodBasedBuildingMaterials板材Boards标准尺寸的软木板材Standardsizesofsoftwoodlumberboards名义尺寸Nominaldimensions1x21x31x41x61x8实际尺寸Actualdimensions¾”x1½”(19mmx38mm)¾”x2½”(19mmx64mm)¾”x3½”(19mmx89mm)¾”x5½”(19mmx140mm)¾”x7¼”(19mmx184mm)框架用木材FramingLumber用于轻型木结构的软木树种Speciesofsoftwoodlumberusedinwoodframeconstruction花旗松DouglasFir西部落叶松WesternLarch西部铁杉WesternHemlock云杉Spruce松Pine冷衫Fir材性接近的树种放在一起使用Specieswithsimilarcharacteristicsgivencommercialgroupdesignations云杉-松-冷杉Spruce–Pine–FirS-P-F花旗松-落叶松DouglasFir-LarchD.Fir-L铁杉-冷杉Hemlock-FirHem-Fir指接材FingerJointedLumber较短的材料，如38x89和38x140指接在一起形成较长的材料Shortlengthsof38x89and38x140(2x4and2x6)joinedtoformlongerpieces.用于墙骨柱Usedforstuds没有翘曲Doesnotwarp材料利用率高Efficientuseofmaterials规格材分等GradingLumber加拿大的规格材有目测分等和机械分等(MSR)LumberinCanadavisuallygradedormachinestressrated(MSR)分等依据Selectstructural高强度Higheststrength良好的外观Bestappearance一等Number1和上述分等依据相似，但允许出现更大的结疤Similartoselectstructuralbutlargerknots二等Number2和一等的强度分等相似，但外观稍差Similarstrengthtonumber1butnotasgoodvisualappearance三等Number3大量用于施工，外观没有要求Widelyusedinconstructionwhereappearanceisnotafactor规格材分等GradingLumber墙骨柱等级StudGrade2x4和2x6的墙骨柱用于承受竖向荷载2x4and2x6ratedforverticalloading施工级材和标准级材用于结构构件Constructiongradeandstandardgradeusedforstructuralapplications实用级和经济级材用于非结构构件Utilitygradeandeconomygradefornon-structuralapplications分等机构GradingAgency生产厂代码Milldesignation树种SpeciesGroup含水率MoistureContent指定的等级AssignedGrade分等认证章GradingStamps规格材每600mm有一个分等认证章Gradingstampsareplacedonlumberevery600mm(2ft.)只有经认证的机构才能敲章Onlyissuedbyaccreditedassociationsoragencies根据树种，木材被锯成标准尺寸，并按照指定的产品强度和性能进行分等Lumberissortedbyspecies,sawnintostandardsizesandisgradedwhichresultsinapredictableproductwithknownstrengthandperformancecharacteristics加拿大轻型木结构CanadianWoodFrameHousing木基覆面板材WoodBasedSheathings在轻型木结构中广泛使用，也可以和轻型钢结构一起使用Widelyusedinwood-frameconstructionandincombinationwithsteelframing墙骨柱、搁栅和椽条之间的跨度Spansbetweenstuds,joistsandrafters可以提高墙体、楼盖和屋顶抵抗振动、静荷以及地震作用的能力Contributestoracking,loadbearingandearthquakeresistanceofwall,floorandroofassemblies用于楼盖、墙体和屋面的胶合板PlywoodFloor,WallandRoofSheathing覆面板材料由薄木片胶合成Panelmaterialmadeofthinwoodveneers良好的双向强度和刚度，抵抗冲击破坏和受潮时的尺寸变形Excellenttwowaystrengthandstiffness,resistancetoimpactdamageanddimensionalstabilitywhenwet采用企口板以保证楼面的平整和连续性，并考虑是否需要使用填块T&Gusedtoaensurecontinuousflatfloorandeliminateneedforblocking.保证平滑的表面，可以铺地毯或者其他的地面做法Providessmoothsurfaceforcarpetingandresilientflooring.根据结构需要，为了支承陶瓦，需要增加覆面板厚度ThickerfloorsheathingforincreasedstructuralsupportrequiredforceramictileCourtesyoftheCanadianWoodCouncil定向刨花板OrientedStrandBoard(OSB)Sheathing定向刨花板采用速生材锯末、碎屑等细料胶合而成，其速生材可以用杨树和白杨Panelmaterialmadefromadhesiveandstrands,flakesorwafersproducedfromsmalldiameterlogsoffastgrowingspeciessuchasPoplarandAspen.墙体、楼盖和屋顶也可以使用相近厚度的胶合板Wall,floorandroofsheathingwithsimilarthicknessesaplywood.可以参考结构板材协会的网站获得技术资料和正确的安装步骤RefertoStructuralBoardAssociationforwebsitefortechnicalinformationandcorrectinstallationproceduresCourtesyoftheStructuralBoardAssociation其它覆面板产品OtherSheathingProducts沥青基防火板Asphaltimpregnatedfibreboard沥青处理过的石膏板Asphalttreatedgypsumboard(gyplap)内墙用石膏板Interiorgypsumboard刚性保温覆面板Rigidinsulationsheathings聚苯乙烯挤塑板Extrudedpolystyrene发泡聚苯乙烯板Expandedpolystyrene多异氰脲酸酯板Polyisocyanurate水泥板Cementboard工程木产品EngineeredWoodProducts搁栅、梁和框架构件可以用规格材、木纤维或刨花合成材Joists,beamsandframingmadefromdimensionlumber,woodfibresorstrandsheldtogetherwithabinder.保护森林资源Conservesforestresources降低建筑浪费Reducesconstructionwaste实现更大的建筑净跨Allowslongerclearspans类型Types木工字型搁栅WoodIjoists平行木片胶合木Parallelstrandbeamsandposts层叠木片胶合木Laminatedveneerlumber(LVL)腹板开洞搁栅Openwebjoists工字型搁栅WoodIjoists弦杆由规格材或层叠木片胶合木构成，腹板由定向刨花板或胶合板构成DimensionlumberorLVLcordsandOSBorplywoodweb相同跨度时，比规格材轻Lighterweightforsamespanasdimensionedlumber实现的跨度比规格材更大Capableoflongerspansthandimensionedlumber风道和电线在搁栅中穿越的空间更大Deeperjoistscanallowforductworkaswellaselectricalandplumbing当用于屋顶椽条时，可以建造较大层高的天花板Whenusedasrafterscanallowforhighlevelsofinsulationabovecathedralceilings深度可以从241mm到508mmDepthsrangefrom241mm(9-1/2)to508mm(20)长度最大可达到18.3mLengthsupto18.3m(60ft)平行木片胶合木ParallelStrandLumber(PSL)花旗松的小木片胶合成梁，过梁和柱StripsofDouglasFirgluedtoformbeams,lintelsandposts材性稳定，不会出现收缩、翘曲、扭转、开裂和隆起Stablepredictableperformance,willnotshrink,warp,twist,splitorcrown平行木片胶合木的厚度从45mm到178mmPSLbeamsaresoldinthicknessesrangingfrom45mm(1-3/4),to178mm(7).长度最大可以达到20mUpto20m(66feet)inlength层