澳门噪音污染损害价值的条件估值研究

21620066ADVANCESINEARTHSCIENCEVol.21No.6Jun.20061001-8166200606-0599-06*ContingentValuationMethodCVMCVMWillingnessToPayWTPWillingnessToAc-ceptWTA1920956WTAWTP92003WTP5.32MOP/aMOP18.033MOPWTA10.6MOP/aCVM7.98MOP/aWTPWTAX196A1CVMWTPWTA1CVM2CVM111963DavisCVMCVMCVMCVMvalidityreliability3CVM4CVMWTPWTAWTA*2004-07-062006-02-12*.1964-.E-maildrali1964yahoo.comWTP5WTP/WTAWilligWTPWTADiamend6WTP/WTAHanemann1991WTPWTAWTPWTAWTPWTAWTA/WTPWTA/WTPKahnemanTversky1979WTPWTAKahnemanTverskytransactioncostCoaseWTPWTAWTAWTACVMprotestbiasWTP/WTA7HanemannWTAWTP5WTPWTA2.461CVMWTPWTACVM209081120002004172003CVM2CVMCVM22.16565dB2970dB6155dB2960dBALeq70dB12WTPWTACVM1WTPWTAWTAWTP2CVM2WTAWTPWTPWTAWTAATP3WTAWTPWTAWTP1115PPcP11P1cP1PcdeP1P2cP2PcdfP200621P2PP12strategicbiasPP1PP21strategicbiasFig.1TheprincipiuminterpretdiagramofstrategicbiasofthelosevalueofnoisepollutioncP1cP2/2PbPbdcP0.5P1P23200318002300452.232.2.12.2.2WTA2two-equationmodel2WTA0WTA0WTA0WTPWTA2.2.32.320031219209564691047.413ppqnNnN10.01654N15343761n910p47.4q52.695Z1.96pZp3.2456.48959033.126.742.9106657.329.186.440.29.944.225.669.83.2CVMPC2lnWTPXwtpu6XwtpXwtpuXN15CVMWTPXwtpN7CVMWTAXwtaN83.2.170.212.5910257.78MOP/5392MOP4.8815343761CVMWTAXwtaN257.78343761121063376527MOP/a10.6MOP/a2001GDP4982.13.2.256.78.934.4910128.98MOP/5392MOP2.4715343761CVMWTPXwtpN128.9834376112532059525MOP/a5.32MOP/a2001GDP4981.13.2.3WTPWTA910CVMiCVMi0.5XwtpXwta193.38MOP/95392MOP3.615CVM12NCVMi193.3834376112797718026MOP/a7.98MOP/a2001GDP4981.63710.447.440.43.39WTPWTASPSST141p0.000206211Table1TheregressionresulttableofthesocialeconomiesvariabletoCVMvalueTP193.3850.0003.70E070.000193.385193.385463.4580.0000.8364.50E080.000463.458463.4581.33E140.0000.0000.00010.0000WTA3.34E170.0000.0000.00010.0000WTP4.87E180.0000.0000.00010.00002.22E140.0000.0000.00010.00004.18E140.0000.0000.00010.00001.05E130.0000.0000.00010.00001.64E020.0000.1647.60E0700.160.0162.178480.0000.542.80E080217.848217.848p0.05p0.000p0.000WTPWTASPSS322122.23215.9670.0030810138.49914.891112Table2RegressioncoefficientanalysistableofvariableTPConstant138.49923.4895.8960.00014.8916.0170.0822.4750.014Constant122.23224.7340.0884.9420.00015.9676.0290.0682.6480.0083.08E030.0012.0650.039p0.054WTA/WTP22.461WTPWTA30References1VenkatachalamL.ThecontingentvaluationmethodAreviewJ.EnvironmentalImpactAssessmentReview200424189-124.2XuZhongminZhangZhiqingChengGuodong.TheTheoriesandMethodsofEcosystemEconomicsandItsApplicationM.Zheng-zhouTheYellowRiverConservancyPublisher2003145-195..M.2003145-195.3SmithKV.NonmarketvaluationofenvironmentalresourcesAninterpretativeappraisalJ.LandEconomic1993691-26.4KealyMJMontgomeryMDovidioJF.ReliabilityandpredictivevalidityofcontingentvaluesDoesthenatureofthegoodmatterJ.JournalofEnvironmentalEconomicsandManagement199019244-263.5ShogrenJFShinSYHayesDJetal.ResolvingdifferencesinwillingnesstopayandwillingnesstoacceptJ.AmericanEconom-3066icReview199484255-269.6DiamondPAHausmanJA.Oncontingentvaluationmeasurementofnon-usevaluesCHausmanJAed.ContingentValuationACriticalAssessment.AmsterdamNorthHolland19933-38.7BrownTCGregoryR.WhytheWTAWTPdisparitymattersJ.EcologicalEconomic199928323-335.8XueDayuan.Valuationonnonusevaluesofbiodiversitybycontin-gentvaluationmethodinChangbaimountainbiospherereserveinChinaJ.ChinaEnvironmentalScience2000202141-145..J.2000202141-145.9ZhangZhiqingXuZhongminChengGuodongetal.Thecontin-gentvaluationoftheeconomicbenefitsofrestoringtheecosystemservicesofZhangyeprefectureofHeiheriverbasinJ.JournalofEcology2002226885-893..J.2002226885-893.10YangKaizhongBaiMoLiYingetal.Thefeasibilityofcontin-gentvaluationmethodineconomicvaluationofenvironmentinChinaAcasestudyoftheresidentswillingnesstopayinBei-jingJ.AdvancesinEarthScience2002173420-425..J.2002173420-425.11CuiLijuan.AssessmentonZhalongwetlandvalueJ.JournalofNaturalResource2002174451-456..J.2002174451-456.12TheEnvironmentCouncilofMacaoSpecialAdministrativeRe-gion.TheReportoftheEnvironmentConditionin2003R.Ma-caoTopDesignAdvertisingCompany2003..2003R.2003.13SunJialin.TheStatisticElementsM.ShanghaiLixinAc-countingPress199965-67..M.199965-67.14MaQingguo.ManagementStatisticsM.BeijingSciencePress2002261-307..M.2002261-307.EvaluationoftheLosesofNoisePollutioninMacaowithContingentValuationMethodLIJin-pingWANGZhi-shiTheFacultyofScienceandTechnologyMacauUniversityMacaoAbstractThecontingentvaluationmethodCVMisasimpleflexiblenon-marketvaluationmethodthatiswidelyusedincostbenefitanalysisandenvironmentalimpactassessment.Howeverthismethodissubjecttose-verecriticism.Thecriticismrevolvesmainlyaroundtwoaspectsnamelythevalidityandthereliabilityofthere-sultsandtheeffectsofvariousbiasesanderrors.Theresearchusedtwo-waybiddinggamingmethodsbyaskingresidentsquestionsaboutthenoisepollutionthroughtelephoneandbyanalyzingtheresidentswillingnesstopayWTPandwillingnesstoacceptWTAtoimitatemarketprocess.Thereturned956effectivesamplesoutoftotal1920surveyedsampleswerecalculatedwithSPSStoestimatethevaluelossesofthenoisepollutioninMacao.TheresultindicatedthattheresidentsWTPandWTAfornoisepollutionwasabout128.98MO