第三章 地图符号视觉变量设计(上)

地图符号视觉变量设计VisualvariablesforCartographicSymbol陈泰生[e-mail]18255016138Friday,October20th,20112Computercartography–YiFuHouse–ChuZhouUniversity上节回顾在哲学上，符号是用一个物质对象来代表一个“思维对象”，或严格地说代表一个抽象的概念，符号是抽象概念的感性表现。Friday,October14th,20113Computercartography–YiFuHouse–ChuZhouUniversityWhatissymbol?紫禁城中国古代皇权Friday,October14th,20114Computercartography–YiFuHouse–ChuZhouUniversityWhatiscartographicsymbol？符号图形符号声音符号语言符号……地图符号既能表达定性的地理要素，也能够描述定量的地理信息既能反演过去，又能预测未来既能描述单个地理要素，又能反应整体空间布局设计美观的地图符号能够增强地图的视觉感受，甚至成为艺术品Friday,October14th,20115Computercartography–YiFuHouse–ChuZhouUniversity地图符号作用Friday,October14th,20116Computercartography–YiFuHouse–ChuZhouUniversity地图符号作用按符号的空间分布情况：点、线、面、体状符号从符号视觉分类：形象符号、抽象符号按符号维度分类：二维符号、三维甚至多维符号按符号行为分类：静态符号、动态符号按符号比例关系分类：依比例尺、半依比例尺、不依比例尺符号按符号图形特征分类：正形、侧形、象征符号……Friday,October14th,20117Computercartography–YiFuHouse–ChuZhouUniversity地图符号分类Friday,October14th,20118Computercartography–YiFuHouse–ChuZhouUniversity开始本节内容Therearefewexcusesforusingadefaultsymbolthatdoesnotmatchwellwiththedataitrepresentsbecauseyoucanmakealmostanymapsymbolyoucanenvision.——Prof.CynthiaA.BrewerFriday,October14th,20119Computercartography–YiFuHouse–ChuZhouUniversityFriday,October14th,201110Computercartography–YiFuHouse–ChuZhouUniversityHowtodesignsymbol???视觉变量传统地图符号视觉变量三维地图符号视觉变量（研究）Friday,October14th,201111Computercartography–YiFuHouse–ChuZhouUniversityContentFriday,October14th,201112Computercartography–YiFuHouse–ChuZhouUniversityBertinJ.Friday,October14th,201113Computercartography–YiFuHouse–ChuZhouUniversity国内学者Primaryvisualvariables3Geometricvariable3ColourvariablesSecondaryvisualvariables(forpatterns)3Friday,October14th,201114Computercartography–YiFuHouse–ChuZhouUniversity视觉变量引自香港理工大学李志林教授教案Friday,October14th,201115Computercartography–YiFuHouse–ChuZhouUniversity形状是视觉上能区别开来的几何图形的单体Friday,October14th,201116Computercartography–YiFuHouse–ChuZhouUniversity形状变量Friday,October14th,201117Computercartography–YiFuHouse–ChuZhouUniversityFriday,October14th,201118Computercartography–YiFuHouse–ChuZhouUniversityFriday,October14th,201119Computercartography–YiFuHouse–ChuZhouUniversity尺寸变量Friday,October14th,201120Computercartography–YiFuHouse–ChuZhouUniversityFriday,October14th,201121Computercartography–YiFuHouse–ChuZhouUniversityFriday,October14th,201122Computercartography–YiFuHouse–ChuZhouUniversityFriday,October14th,201123Computercartography–YiFuHouse–ChuZhouUniversity方向变量Friday,October14th,201124Computercartography–YiFuHouse–ChuZhouUniversityFriday,October14th,201125Computercartography–YiFuHouse–ChuZhouUniversity色彩是地图中最活跃的元素Friday,October14th,201126Computercartography–YiFuHouse–ChuZhouUniversity色彩变量色相明度饱和度Friday,October14th,201127Computercartography–YiFuHouse–ChuZhouUniversity色彩Friday,October14th,201128Computercartography–YiFuHouse–ChuZhouUniversityFriday,October14th,201129Computercartography–YiFuHouse–ChuZhouUniversityFriday,October14th,201130Computercartography–YiFuHouse–ChuZhouUniversityFriday,October14th,201131Computercartography–YiFuHouse–ChuZhouUniversityFriday,October14th,201132Computercartography–YiFuHouse–ChuZhouUniversityFriday,October14th,201133Computercartography–YiFuHouse–ChuZhouUniversityFriday,October14th,201134Computercartography–YiFuHouse–ChuZhouUniversity间隔（Separation）Friday,October14th,201135Computercartography–YiFuHouse–ChuZhouUniversitySecondaryvisualvariables(forpatterns)排列（Arrangement）Friday,October14th,201136Computercartography–YiFuHouse–ChuZhouUniversityFriday,October14th,201137Computercartography–YiFuHouse–ChuZhouUniversity在千变万化的符号形式中，根据对象的特征或者对象间的相互联系，以某种变量为主脉，或者综合使用多种变量，可以形成系列符号。Friday,October14th,201138Computercartography–YiFuHouse–ChuZhouUniversityFriday,October14th,201139Computercartography–YiFuHouse–ChuZhouUniversityFriday,October14th,201140Computercartography–YiFuHouse–ChuZhouUniversityFriday,October14th,201141Computercartography–YiFuHouse–ChuZhouUniversityOnedotrepresents1000peopleFriday,October14th,201142Computercartography–YiFuHouse–ChuZhouUniversityFriday,October14th,201143Computercartography–YiFuHouse–ChuZhouUniversityFriday,October14th,201144Computercartography–YiFuHouse–ChuZhouUniversityFriday,October14th,201145Computercartography–YiFuHouse–ChuZhouUniversity传统地图符号视觉变量三维地图符号视觉变量（研究）Friday,October14th,201146Computercartography–YiFuHouse–ChuZhouUniversityContent形状Friday,October14th,201147Computercartography–YiFuHouse–ChuZhouUniversity三维符号视觉变量尺寸方向Friday,October14th,201148Computercartography–YiFuHouse–ChuZhouUniversity三维符号视觉变量颜色密度纹理Friday,October14th,201149Computercartography–YiFuHouse–ChuZhouUniversity三维符号视觉变量影响因素光照阴影雾位置材质Friday,October14th,201150Computercartography–YiFuHouse–ChuZhouUniversity三维符号视觉变量影响因素透明度视点位置LOD动态地图符号视觉变量有哪些？Friday,October14th,201151Computercartography–YiFuHouse–ChuZhouUniversity思考本章结束