中考英语语法讲解资料及练习第18讲被动语态复习_ABC

中考英语语法讲解资料及练习第18讲被动语态复习_ABC★清华大学★英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站：清华大学英语教授研究组提供中考英语语法讲解资料及练习第18讲被动语态复习ABCA．熟记结构被动语态的结构为“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词（p．p）”。被动语态的不同时态是通过be的时态变化来表示的，其人称和数方面应与主语保持一致。其具体变化为：一般现在时：am／is／are＋p．p．一般过去时：was／were＋p．p．一般将来时：shall／willbe＋p．p．现在完成时：have／hasbeen＋p．p．现在进行时：am／is／are＋being＋p．p．过去将来时：should／wouldbe＋p．p．含情态动词的被动结构：情态动词＋be＋p．p．例如：①Chinese______bythelargestnumberofpeople．A．speakB．isspeakingC．speaksD．isspoken（选D。考查一般现在时的被动语态）②Theboy______togetsupperreadyafterschool．A．weretoldB．istellingC．wastoldD．tells（选C。考查一般过去时的被动语态）③Alotofnewroads______builtinthewestofChina．A．mustB．mustbeC．hasD．have（选B。考查含情态动词的被动语态）B．明确用法被动语态常用于以下两种情况：1．不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者；2．强调动作的承受者。例如：这棵树是那个男孩弄断的。Thetree____________bythatboy．（填wasbroken）C．熟练转换1．将主动语态变被动语态的基本方法为：①将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语；②谓语动词变为“be＋及物动词的过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态；③主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。（有时by短语可以省略）。2．被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前；否定句是在第一个助动词后加not；特殊疑问句的语序为：疑问词＋一般疑问句。例如：①Youmustthrowthebrokenpotteryawayatonce．Thebrokenpottery________________________atonce．（同义句）（填mustbethrownaway）②Wheredidtheygrowvegetables？（改为被动语态）Where______vegetables______？（填were；grown）D．注意特例将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况：1．含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法：①将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变；②将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。例如：①Hetoldusastory．（变被动语态）→Weweretoldastory（byhim）．或：Astorywastoldtousbyhim．②Hermothergaveheranewpen．（变被动语态）Anewpen__________________herbyhermother．（填wasgivento）2．短语动词的被动语态：在变为被动语态时，要将短语动词视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。例如：①Thisdictionarymustn't______fromthelibrary．A．takeawayB．takenawayC．aretakenawayD．betakenaway［D］②Shewilltakegoodcareofthechildren．（变被动语态）Thechildrenwill______________________________（byher）．（填betakengoodcareof）3．含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时，通常将宾语变为被动句的主语，而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意：省略to的不定式作宾补时，不定式符号to必须补上。例如：SomeonesawhimswiminQianlingLakeyesterday．（变被动语态）He__________________swiminQianlingLakeyesterday．（填wasseento）4．不定式的被动结构：动词不定式的被动语态为“tobe＋过去分词”。例如：Theradiosaysawildanimalzooisto______inourcity．A．bebuildingB．buildC．bebuiltD．built［C］5．以疑问代词开头的疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序：应将主动句中的疑问代词改为介词by的宾语，但仍然放在句子开头。例如：Whohasbrokenthecup？（改为被动语态）→Bywhomhasthecupbeenbroken？E．注意区别被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别：1）含义不同：被动语态强调动作，重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成；而过去分词作表语通常用来描写情景，叙述人或事物的特征及所处的状态。试比较：Thewindowisbroken．窗子破了。（系表结构）Thewindowisbrokenbyhim．窗子被他打破了。（被动语态）2）用法不同：过去分词作表语时可以被so，very，too等程度副词修饰，而被动语态则不能用so，very，too修饰，而需用much，verymuch，somuch，toomuch修饰。试比较：Hewasveryinterestedinscience．他对科学有极大兴趣。（系表结构）IwassomuchsurprisedatthescenethatIdidn'tknowwhattodo．我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊，不知所措。（被动语态）F．牢记（相关）句型初中教材中与被动语态相关的句型有：1．becoveredwith被……覆盖2．bemadeof由……制作（发生物理变化）bemadefrom由……制作（发生化学变化）bemadein由（某地）制造bemadeby被（某人）制造3．beusedfor被用来……beusedas被当作（作为）……来使用beusedtodosth．被用来做某事4．Itissaidthat．．．据说……Itishopedthat．．．希望……Itiswellknownthat．．．众所周知……例如：①—Yourcoatlooksnice．Isit______cotton？—Yes．It'sShanghai．A．madeof；madebyB．madeof；madeinC．madefor；madebyD．madefor；madein［B］②Thismachineisused______theroomwet．A．forkeepingB．askeepingC．keepD．tokeeping［A］③据说在南京长江上又在建一座桥。__________________that____________isbeing______overtheChangjiangRiverinNanjing．（填Itissaid；anotherbridge；built）状语从句练习【练习一】1()1Themeetingdidn'tstart___everyonewasthere.A.becauseB.untilC.whyD.if()2Theboy___tobed___hismothercamein.A.wentnot;untilB.didn'tgo;afterC.went;untilD.didn'tgo;until()3Iwon'tbelieveyou___Ihaveseenitwithmyowneyes.A.beforeB.untilC.afterD.when()4He___home___shewassatisfied___hisansweryesterday.A.didn'tgo;until;withB.wasn'tgo;after;toC.doesn'tgo;before;withD.didn'tgo;until;to()5He___backuntilthework___done.A.isn't;willbeB.isn't;isC.won'tbe;willbeD.won'tbe;is()6Theydidn'tstartthework___theirteachercameback.A.untilB.whileC.assoonasD.if2()1Tomwillcallmeassoonashe___Shanghai.A.arrivesB.willreachC.arrivesinD.getto()2I'msurehe'llcometoseemebeforehe___Beijing.A.willleaveB.isleavingC.leaveD.leaves()3Iwilltellhimthenewsassoonashe___back.A.comeB.comesC.willcomeD.came3()1Tomhasgotawatch.He___itfortwoyears.It_______byhisfather.A.hasbought;wasboughtB.hasgot;isbought,C.wasbought;hasbought.D.hashad;wasbought'()2Whenhegottothestation,thetrain___.A.leftB.hadleftC.leavesD.hasleft()3Theboytoldhisfatherwhathe___inthestreet.A.sawB.haveseenC.hadseenD.see()4We___TVwhenthetelephone____.A.watched;wasringingB.werewatching;rangC.watch;ringsD.arewatching;rang()5Bytheendoflastterm,I___tenbooks.A.hadfinishedreadingB.havefinishreadingC.hadfinishtoreadD.finishread4()1I___youforalongtime.Where___you___?A.didn'tsee;did;goB.didn'tsee;have;goneC.haven'tseen;have;beenD.haven'tseen;have;gone()2Tom___Chinafor3years.A.hasbeenB.hasbeeninC.hasbeentoD.hasbeenat()3Iwon'tgotoseethefilmtonight,becauseI___myticket.A.lostB.havelostC.willloseD.didn'tlose()4-Hello!MayIspeaktoBob?-Sorry,buthe___foramonth.A.hadbeenawayB.wasleftC.leftD.hasbeenaway()5I___himsinceIbegantoliveinthecity.A.knowB.haveknownC.knewD.willknow()6ZhaoLan___already___inthisschoolfortwoyears.A.was;studyingB.will;studyC.has;studiedD.are;studying5()1Bettydidn'tgotoseethefilmyesterday___shewasill.A.becauseB.butC.untilD.if()2MayIsitnearer___Icanseemoreclearly?A.asifB.sothatC.evenifD.so()3___youworkhard,youwi