2015届中考英语语法被动语态专题复习

2013年中考专项复习Passivevoice中考说明：★掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和带有can，may，must等情态动词的被动语态的构成和基本用法。学习目标一.掌握被动语态的用法二.掌握如何将主动语态变成被动语态三.变被动语态时须注意哪些问题一.英语的两大语态：主动语态和被动语态A.主动语态中主语是谓语动词的发出者。宾语是谓语动词的对象。B.被动语态中主语是谓语动词的承受者(动作的对象)。被动语态的谓语核心构成:助动词be＋动词过去分词什么时候要用被动语态呢？在下列三种情况之一要用被动语态：①不知道动作的执行者是谁，用被动语态。②没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，用被动语态。③需要强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态观察下列句子并总结.1.Manytreesarecutdown.2.Wasteisthrownaway.3.Theairispolluted.4.Wastewaterispouredintorivers.5.Wildanimalsarekilled……Sumupthesimilarity(共同点):一般现在时的被动语态:am/is/are+过去分词Exercise:1.Thebottle_________(fill)withhotwater.瓶子里装满了热水。2.Cameras________(use)fortakingphotos.相机是用来照相的.3.Theclassroomisverycleanandit__________(clean)byuseveryday.4.Thetoysinthesupermarket________(make)inChina.5.Beijingisabeautifulcityandit_________(visit)bymanypeopleeveryyear.ANSWERS:1._____________2._____________3._____________4._____________5._____________观察下列句子并总结.1.ThevegetableswerecutbyTed.2.ThefoodwascookedbyLily.3.ThedisheswerewashedbyLily.4.ThetablewaswipedbyTed.5.Thekitchenwascleanedbythemtwo.Sumupthesimilarity:一般过去时的被动语态:was/were+过去分词Exercise:1.Anewmachine_______________(invent)lastmonth.2.They___________(ask)aquestionbytheteacheryesterday.3.Thebook_____________(write)byGuoJinminglastyear.4.Ourschoolhasalonghistory.Andit___________(build)in1958.5.Manystudents___________(send)toAmericatostudybyourschoollastyear.ANSWERS:1._____________2._____________3._____________4._____________5._____________观察下列句子并总结.1.Somenewbuildingswillbebuiltsoon.2.Moreimportantmeetingswillbeheldhere.3.Itwillbevisitedbymanypeople.4.Itwillbelovedbymoreandmorepeople.5.Webelieveitwillbeknownbythepeopleallovertheworld.Sumupthesimilarity:1.Theletter______________(post)tomorrow.这封信明天将被寄走.2.Anewfilm_____________(show)nextweek.3.Thehardwork________________(finish)tomorrowandthenwe’llhaveatwo-dayoff.4.Aparty______________(hold)forgrandma’sbirthdaynextweek.5.Shehasmovedtothenewbuilding.Heroldhouse______________(sell)soon.一般将来时的被动语态:will+be+过去分词Practice:ANSWERS:1._____________2._____________3._____________4._____________5._____________RulesfortheChemistryLab1.Noeatinganddrinkingcanbeallowedinthechemistrylab.2.Wastepapershouldbethrownintothepaperbasket.3.Nothingmaybetouchedwithoutpermission(允许).4.Everythingmustbeputbackaftertheexperiment.5.Thelabshouldbekeptclean.在实验室里吃和喝不能被允许.实验室应该被保持整洁.废纸应该被扔进纸篓里.不得到允许,什么都不能(被)摸.实验后每样东西必须被放回.观察下列句子并总结.Sumupthesimilarity:带有情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be+过去分词Practice:1.English_____________(learn)well.英语必须被学好.2.Thecomputer________(repair)byus.电脑可以被我们修好.3.Theyoungtreesmust____________(look)afterwell.4.Wildanimalsshould_____________(protect).5.Theraisingoftheflagcan_________(see)everymorningatTian‘anmenSquare.ANSWERS:1._____________2._____________3._____________4._____________5._____________1一现被：Manytreesarecutdown.2一过被：ThefoodwascookedbyLily.3一将被：Somenewroadswillbebuiltsoon.4含有情态动词：Thelabshouldbekeptclean.am/is/are+过去分词was/were+过去分词will+be+过去分词情态动词+be+过去分词二.主动变被动的方法:PeoplespeakEnglishintheworld.主谓宾Englishisspokenbypeopleintheworld.①②③④总结:主动语态被动语态宾语→谓语→主语→其他→抄下来主语be+P.P(过去分词)by+宾语主动语态和被动语态结构的转换：Wecleanourclassroomeveryday.Ourclassroomiscleaned主语谓语宾语byuseveryday结构：主动语态：主语＋谓语＋宾语被动语态：主语be+过去分词by+宾语即:、宾变主，主变宾，谓变bedone,时不变，数格必须随被变。三.在被动语态中要注意的几个问题①感使动词问题（四三二一问题）A.Thebossmakestheworkerswork18hoursaday.[变被动语态]→Theworkersaremadetowork18hoursadaybytheboss.B.Isawhimenterthehouse.→Hewasseentoenterthehousebyme.C.Theteacherletthemleavetheclassroomafterclass.→Theywerelettoleavetheclassroombytheteacherafterclass.D.Wehearhersingintheroomeveryday.→Sheisheardtosingintheroomeveryday.口诀：感使动词真叫怪，to来to去记心怀，主动语态to离去，被动语态to回来go②.双宾语问题（动词+sb(间宾)+sth(直宾)）Shegavemeabook.（变为被动语态）→Iwasgivenabook.（间接宾语改为主语）→Abookwasgiventome.（直接宾语abook改为主语）口诀：如遇双宾语，一般变间宾，若把直宾变，to/for间宾连。1).give/pass/show与介词to搭配。例如:sb+begivensth或sth+begiven+tosb.2).buy/make/cook与介词for搭配。例如：sb+bebought+sth或sth+bebought+forsb③.系动词及不及物动词无被动语态。Eg:不及物动词（vi）:happen,takeplace,appear,hold,……系动词:look,feel,sound,smell,tastego易错题目大集合(有胆你就来↖(^ω^)↗)1.()Ifthework__,youcangoandplaygames.A.finishedB.hasfinishedC.willbefinishedD.isfinished2.()Itwasrainingheavilyoutside,thechildrenweremade____intheclassroom.A.stayB.tostayC.stayingD.stayed3.()Tomakeourcitymorebeautiful,rubbish____intotheriver.A.needn’tbethrownB.mustn’tbethrownC.can’tthrowD.maynotthrow4.()—Iwon’tcometothepartyunlessTom____,too.—YoumeanifTomcomes,you’llcome.A.willinviteB.invitesC.invitedD.isinvited5.()Theoldinthecity____today.A.lookafterB.istakengoodcareC.lookthesameD.aretakengoodcareofAnswer:1—5_____________↖(^ω^)↗加油！Classisover!Seeyounexttime!CongratulationstoMVG.鼓掌