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GrammarThePresentPerfectTense现在完成时:基本用法现在完成时表结果,他的动作发生在过去,但是对现在有影响,而这种影响却往往是说话人的兴趣所在。现在完成时跨越两个时间,一个是过去,另一个是现在。Lead-ine.g.我从1975年起就学英语。IhavestudiedEnglishsince1975.自12世纪以来,中国就使用彩色印刷了。TheyhavedonecolorprintinginChinasincethe12thcentury.PresentPerfectContinuousTense现在完成进行时:基本用法1)强调时间的持续性。如：电话响了差不多一分钟,为什么没人接?Thetelephonehasbeenringingforalmostaminute.Whydoesn’tsomeoneanswerit?2)表重复。叙述从过去某时到现在或最近已在重复的动作。如：最近天气变化无常,我时常感冒。Theweatherhasbeenchangeablelately;I’vebeenhavingalotofcolds.3)有感情色彩。如：今天真是一个多事之日。Toomuchhasbeenhappeningtoday.现在完成进行时和现在完成时的比较:A.未完结性I’vecleanedthewindows.我把窗户擦干净了。I’vebeencleaningthewindows.我擦窗户来着。(可能窗户尚未擦完)B.短暂性现在完成时与现在完成进行时都可以表示延续至今的状态,但完成进行是常表示短暂性。A.TheyhavelivedinNewYork.B.TheyhavebeenlivinginNewYork.句A具有长期性,而句B具有短暂性。C.刚完结性与现在完成时相比,现在完成进行时有时可以表示刚刚完结的动作。有时它是现在事件的直接原因,或者是得出结论的证据。如:我的手很脏,我在油汽车来着。Myhandsaredirty.I’vebeenpaintingthecar.你的眼睛又红又肿,你是不是哭来着？Youreyesareredandpuffy.Haveyoubeencrying?D.连续性或重复性现在完成进行时常常用于表示延续至今的连续性或重复性动作。如：JimhavebeenphoningJennyeverynightfortheseveralmonth.Allthesedayshehasbeenwritingarticlestoourmagazine.结论:现在完成进行时主要用于表示A.过去开始而且现在仍在进行的动作。B.过去开始,现在刚刚停止的动作。C.现在看到其直接结果的动作。现在完成时主要用于表示已经完成的动作及其与现在的关系。Inpairs,taketurnstoreadthestatementandturnitintoaquestionusingthepresentperfectcontinuoustense.Thewordsinbracketsmayhelpyou.(P41)e.g.S1:Mrs.Smithlearnedtodrivethreeyearsago.(howlong)S2:Howlonghaveyoubeendriving,Mrs.Smith?1.Samhasjustfinishedlearningtoflyanairplaneonasix-monthcourse.(howlong)Howlonghaveyoubeenlearningtoflyanairplane,Sam?2.Heswamtillhefeltverytired.Hehasjuststeppedoutoftheswimmingpool.(howlong)Howlonghaveyoubeenswimming?3.SallyandZhouXinhavebeenbusyallday.(what)Whathaveyoubeendoing,SallyandZhouXin?4.Theyhavearguedwitheachotherforyearsaboutthebestwaytogrowpotatoes.(what)Whathaveyoubeenarguingaboutforyears?5.JiaoYangusesaparticularkindofwashingpowderandhisclotheshavealwaysbeencleanandsoft.(what)JiaoYang,whatkindofwashingpowderhaveyoubeenusingthatmakesyourclothessocleanandsoft?Consolidation1.——Hi,Tracy,youlooktired.——I'mtired.I___inthelivingroomallday.A.paintedB.hadpaintedC.havebeenpaintingD.havepainted2.—Thereissomuchsnowthesedays,isn'tthere?—Yes,it____forafewdays.A.wassnowingB.hasbeensnowingC.hadbeensnowingD.snowed3.Althoughthesescientists____ontheprojectfornearlyfouryears,Idon'tknowhowlongitwilllast.A.havebeenworkingB.hadworkedC.wereworkingD.areworking4.Nowthatsheisoutofjob,Lucy____goingbacktoschool,butshehasn'tdecidedyet.A.hadconsideredB.hasbeenconsideringC.consideredD.isgoingtoconsider5.Thelittleboyisdirtyfromheadtofootbecausehe___inthemudallmorning.A.hasplayedB.isplayingC.hasbeenplayingD.wasplaying6.I___myworkbythetimetheteacher____back.A.wasfinished..,cameB.shallhavefinished..,comesC.hadfinished..,comesD.havefinished..,willcome7.I___toseethefilmlastweekbecauseI___ittwice.A.didn'tgo...hadseenB.don'tgo...haveseenC.hadn'tgo...hadseenD.didn'tgo...haveseen9.I'llphoneyouifshe___thisevening.Infactshedidn'ttellmeifshe___.A.wouldcome..,willcomeB.willcome..,cameC.comes..,wouldcomeD.come..,came8.Whodoyouguess___whereI___justnow?A.lie..,layB.islying..,layC.lies..,lainD.lied..,laid10.I____intothebuswhenI___agirlcallmyname.A.hadhardlygot...,hearB.hadhardlygot...,heardC.wasnosoonersetting...,heardD.didhardlyget...,hadheard1.A:---IamsorryI_________(keep)youwaitingsolong.B:---Itisallright.I________________(read)thenewspapers.2.TheCCTV____________________(broadcast)Englishprogrammerseversince1977.用现在完成时和完成进行填空:havekepthavebeenreadinghasbeenbroadcasting3.You_______(feel)betterwhenyou__________(take)themedicine.4.Shesaidwe__________(maykeep)thebookaslongaswe_____(like).5.PleasewakemeupifI___still_______(sleep)whenyou_____(come).6.Mysister________________(learn)Englishsinceshe____(be)achild.She______(speak)Englishfluentlynow.willfeelhavetakenmightkeeplikedamsleepingcomehasbeenlearningwasspeaks7.Myuncle________(come)toseeus.He_______(arrive)hereafewdaysago.I_________(start)forSydneytomorrowmorning.8.He_____(break)hisglasseswhenhe___________(play)inafootballmatch.hascomearrivedwillstartbrokewasplaying下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并改正。1.Thewaterhasbeenrunthewholenight.2.Hello,Tom.Ihavelookingforyouallmorning.Wherehaveyoubeen?runningrunbeen3.Hiscoolexpressionsuggestedthathewanttoleave.4.Hetriedtoharmotherpeople,onlytoruininghimself.5.IfonlyIcanspeakseveralforeignlanguages!wantwantedruiningruincancould6.Wecanallleavetogether—assumedthattheothersaren’tlate.7.Paulisverytired.Hehadbeenworkingveryhardallmorning.hasassumedassuminghad1.Learnusefulwordsandexpressionsbyheartandpracticethem.2.FinishEx.1and2onpages40,79and80.Homework