新人教选修8 Unit5 Meeting your ancestors-Reading task

Reading＆WritingPharaohTutankhamunwasthemostfamousofallpharaohsbutveryunimportantasarulerashisrulewassoshort.Heruledforabout8or9yearsfrom1334to1325BC.SoweknowmoreabouthimafterhisdeaththanwedoReadingTask(P82)NOTE:PharaohTutankhamunabouthisrulewhenhewasalive.TheEgyptiansbelievedinlifeafterdeath.Sotheygotallthegoodstheywantedtohavewiththeminthenextlifeburiedintheirtomb.Therichertheperson,thegreaterthenumberofgoods.AsTutankhamunwasapharaoh,histombwasfilledwithmanywonderfultreasures.Italsocontainedstatuesofgodsthatwouldprotecthistombfromevilspiritsorthieveswhomightstealhistreasures.Thewallsofthetomb,too,werecoveredwithspellstopreservethepharaohtillhegotsafelytotheHallofJudgement.Inthesamewayhisbodyinsideitsthreecoffinswasprotectedbyfourgoddessesofthedead.Bythetombwasaboxcontainingfourjars.Theyheldtheinternalorgansofthedeadpharaoh,whichwereremovedwhenhewasturnedintoamummy.Firsthisbrainwastakenoutofhisheadthroughhisnose.Thenhisorganswereremovedandputintothejars.Onlyhisheartwasleftinsidethebody.Finallyhisbodywascoveredinaspecialsaltandleftforfortydaysto“dry”.Afterthistimethebodywasamummyandwasreadytobewrappedupandburied.Aswellasthebodytherewereinstructionsinthecoffinonhowtomakethejourneytotheafterlife.AnswerkeyforExercise1ObjectMaterialColourDecorationBoxesBeautifullypaintedTwostatues/BlackWearinggoldshoesandcarryingroyalinsigniaChairsGoldGoldenWithheadsofanimalsandgods//Flowers///Vases//WithbeautifulflowerdesignsBoxes/Black/Chests/White/Seat/Golden/CartGoldGolden/1.Howdidtheyknowwhosetombitwas?Theyreadhisnameonablackbox.2.Whydoyouthinktheythoughtthesethingscamefromanothercivilization?Becausetheyweresostrangeandwonderful---morewonderfulthananyonecouldimagine.AnswerkeyforExercise23.WhydidCartergetexcitedwhenhenoticedthedoortothetombwasstillfastened?Becauseitmeantthatthetombhadnotbeenopenedbythieves.1.Iwouldhavetolockthetombsecurelysothatthievescouldnotstealthefinds.2.Iwouldhavetolockthetombsecurelysothatthesunlightandtemperaturewouldnotaffectthefindsinthetomb.Otherwisethefindsmaybespoiled.SuggestedanswerstoExercise33.IwouldhavetolockthetombsecurelysothatIcouldrecordallthefindscarefully,andIwouldnotwantanyofthefindstobemoved.LookatthepicturesonP85anddiscussthequestionsbelowthem.TheordershouldbeBAC.TheearliestpyramidisB,whichiscalledsteppyramid.ItwasbuiltduringtheThirdDynasty(2800BC).SteppyramidisgenerallyconsideredtheWritingfirsttombinEgypttobebuiltentirelyofstoneanywhereintheworld.ThesecondisA.Itwasbuiltinabout2,550B.C.,KingKhufu,thesecondpharaohofthefourthdynasty,commissionedthebuildingofhistombatGiza.Accordingtoarchaeologists,thetopoftheKhufupyramidisinawayrippedoff,whichisincommonwiththefirstpicture.Thenthethirdoneisthethirdpicture.Itiscalledbentpyramid,whichwasbuiltforKhafre,thefourthpharaohofthefourthdynasty.ThebentpyramidatDahshurshowsusthattheancientEgyptiansexperimentedalotwiththeslopeofthepyramids.Inthemiddleofconstructionthebuildersmusthavedecidedthattheslopeofthebuildingwastoosteeptocontinue.Thus,thetophalfofthepyramidhasadifferentslope.Thepyramidhadslopingsidessothatthedeadpharaohcouldclimbtotheskyandliveforever.Thepyramidrepresentedtheraysofthesun.ThefirsttobebuiltwasPyramidNoB.Ithasstepsuptheside,anditlooksasifitwasanattempttobuildsomethingthatwenowcallapyramidshape.Thestepswereawayoforganizingthebuildingandmakingsurethatitwassafe.ThestepslookasifsmallerandAsampleversion:smallerboxeswereplacedoneontopoftheothertomakethestepdesign.IthinkthesecondtobebuiltwasPyramidNoC,whichbendsatthetop.Ithassmoothsideswhichthearchitectscouldhavelearnedfrombuildingthesteppyramid.Butthedesignisclearlynotfinishedasthecurveatthetopofthepyramidisnotsmooth.TheEgyptianarchitectshavenotyetcompletelymasteredtheartofbuildingpyramidswithsmoothlyslopingsides.IthinkthethirdtobebuiltwasPyramidNoA,whichhassmoothandevenlyslopingsides.Itistheshapethatwecall“apyramidshape”today,soitmustbethefinaloneinthisseriousofbuildings.Fromthepictureswecanseethatthethreepyramidsallcometoapointatthetop.Itisreasonabletoassumethatthepharaoh/godwasclosetotheothergods.Thepharaoh’sspiritcouldescapefromthetopofthepyramidandflyuptothesky,wherethegodswerethoughttolive.