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定语从句复习定语从句定语从句（AttributiveClauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：who,whom,whose,that,which等。关系副词有：when,where,why等。先行词是物先行词是人定语地点状语时间状语主宾主宾关系代词whichthatwhowhomwhose关系副词wherewhen注：1.介词提前时一般只用which和whom。2.whose+名词=the+名词+ofwhich/ofwhomThisisthedetectivewhocamefromLondon.ThebookwhichIamreadingiswrittenbyTomasHardy.Thedeskwhoselegisbrokenisveryold.ThisistheroomthatShakespearewasbornin.(1)如果先行词是all,much,anything,something,nothing,everything,little,none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如：Allthepeoplethatarepresentburstintotears.(2)先行词有两个，既有人也有物，要用that。Weweretalkingaboutthepersonsandthingsthatwerememberedinourschool.关系代词that和which的区别1.宜用that引导的定语从句(3)如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first,last,any,only,few,mush,no,some,very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which,who，或whom。例如：ThisisthemostimpressiveTVtheaterthathasneverbeenputonshowbefore.这是以前从未上演过的最有感染力的电视剧。Thatistheonlywaythatleadstoyoursuccess.那是通向你成功的唯一之路。Wehavetoconsiderthefirstthingthatstartsourwork.我们必须要考虑启动我们工作的第一件事。2.宜用which引导的定语从句当定语从句的介词提前时，要用which。Thehouseinwhichtheylivedlastyearhasbeenrebuilt.引导非限制性定语从句时，要用which。Heboughtarailwayticketforthewoman,whichhelpedheralot.as,which非限定性定语从句由as,which引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于andthis或andthat。As一般放在句首，which在句中。Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,___cameasasurprise.A.itB.thatC.whichD.heItrainedhardyesterday,____preventedmefromgoingtothepark..A.thatB.whichC.asD.itas和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：(1)as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思(2）as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which。(3)当先行词受such,thesame修饰时，常用asIhaveneverheardsuchastoryashetells.Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.ThisisthesamebookasIlostlastweek.注意：当先行词由thesame修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同。SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary’swedding.她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。Sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore.她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。判断关系代词与关系副词方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.I'llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.判断改错1.ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.2.IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.3.Thisisthemountainvillage(which)Ivisitedlastyear.4.I'llneverforgetthedays(which)Ispentinthecountryside.FFTT方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。1.Isthismuseum___youvisitedafewdaysage?A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone2.Isthisthemuseum____theexhibitionwasheld.A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone例1变为肯定句：Thismuseumis___youvisitedafewdaysago.例2变为肯定句：Thisisthemuseum___theexhibitionwasheld.在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where,that,onwhich都不能起到宾语的作用，只有theone既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。而句2中,主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因inthemuseum词组，可用介词in+which引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on用的不对，所以选A。关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose)；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词(where地点状语，when时间状语，why原因状语)。区分定语从句和同位语从句1．定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系(1)TheplanethathasjusttakenoffisforLondon.定语从句(2)Thefactthathehasbeendeadisclear.同位语从句2．定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；同位语从句主要由that引导，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由when,where,how,why,whether,what等词引导，充当成分(1)Thenewshetoldmeistrue.(2)Thenewsthathehasjustdiedistrue.(3)Theproblemthatwearefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmoney.定语(4)Theproblemhowwecancollectsomuchmoneyisdifficulttosolve.3.同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以(1)Theideathatwecouldasktheteacherforadviceiswonderful.(2)Theideawasthatwecouldasktheteacherforadvice.(3)Thefactthattheearthmovesaroundtheearthisknowntoall.(4)Thefactisthattheearthmovesaroundtheearth.Exercises1.Motherboughtmeadictionaryonmybirthday,________mademeveryhappy.A.whatB.thatC.whoD.which2.Lookatthewatch.Don’tyouseeitis_______watch________Helenlosttheotherday?A.asthesame;asB.thesame;asC.thesame;whichD.asthesame;that3.________isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What4.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,_____wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it5.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown,_______hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when6.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,________ofgreatimportancetoscience.A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkwhichis7.ThedoctoradvisedVerastronglythatsheshouldtakeaholiday,but__________didn’thelp.A.whichB.itC.sheD.he8.________isreportedinthenewspaper,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What9.Isthistheonlyreason______atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?A.thatheexplainedB.whatheexplainedC.whyheexplainedD.whichheexplainedHomeworkSummarizetherulesofattributiveclause.