高中英语语法-分词

分词的用法分词的用法非谓语动词——分词分词的用法•分词具有动词、形容词和副词的特征•分词可以带状语，及物动词的分词可以带宾语分词的特征分词的用法语态形式及物动词writeVi.go主动语态被动语态主动语态现在分词一般式writingbeingwrittengoing完成式havingwrittenhavingbeenwrittenhavinggone过去分词writtengone说明1.及物动词过去分词有被动及完成的意义，不及物动词的过去分词没有被动的意义。2.分词的否定形式由not+分词构成。3.分词在句中作定语、状语、表语和补语。对比两类动词、两种分词形式的分词的用法1.现在分词一般式主动语态：表示分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时进行。eg.•Crusoehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent.•Laughingandtalking,theywentoutofthehall.•Didyounoticehishandshaking?2.现在分词完成式主动语态：表示分词的动作在谓语动词的动作之前已经完成。eg.•Havingfinishedhisbreakfast,hetookhisfishingthingsandwentintohisboat.•Nothavingdoneitright,Itriedagain.现在分词分词的用法3.现在分词一般式被动语态：表示一个被动动作正在进行。eg.•ThecarbeingrepairedbelongstoMr.Smith.4.现在分词完成式被动语态：表示分词的动作在谓语动词的动作之前已经完成。eg.•Thelargebuildingbeingbuiltdownthestreetwillbeahospital.•Havingbeenshownthelabs,weweretakentoseethelibrary.•Havingbeenquestioned,themurdererwasthrownintoprison.分词的用法过去分词只有一个形式，及物动词的过去分词有完成和被动的意义；不及物动词的过去分词只表示完成的意义，而没有被动的意义。eg.•Thevisitorslookedsurprised.•Areyoumarriedorsingle?•Shehadherhairdressedyesterday.•Youmayhaveyourworkdoneifyouaretoobusy.•Heated,waterwillchangeintosteam.•Encouragedbyhisteacher’swords,Robbytriedagainandsucceededintheend.过去分词分词的用法分词和分词短语的用法1.作定语单纯分词作定语前置，分词短语作定语后置。eg.•Askthechildrentokeepawayfromtherunningmachine.•ThemangivingatalkisaprofessorfromtheUSA.•MissGreenisateacherlovedbyallthestudents.•Theboycryingtherelosthiswayhome.•Theboilingwaterisgivingoutsteam.•Thepeopleinjuredintheaccidentlastweekarestillinhospital..分词的用法•Livinginthenextdoor,Iknowhimverywell.•Notknowingwhattodo,heturnedtohisfather.•Havingbeensetfree,thedoctordiscoveredtheterriblewrongsthatthenobleshaddonetothepoor.•Themangotonataxi,takingasuitcaseinhishand.•Surroundedbyalotofnewsmen,themayorofthecityfelthehadtosaysomething.•Deeplymovedbythestory,theireyeswerefulloftears.•Helpedbyherfriend,sheworkedouttheproblemintheend..表示时间、伴随、方式、原因等。eg.2.作状语分词的用法3.作表语说明主语怎么样。eg.•ThewholefamilyfeltexcitedaboutGrandpa’sarrival.•Thestorysoundsveryexciting.•Thelittleboyseemedfrightened.•Hewassoexcitedatthegoodnewsthathecouldhardlyfallasleep..•Thattheyhadwonthegamewassurprising.•Whatthefatherhadsaidwasreallyencouraging.•Peopleofthewholecountrywereencouragedwhentheyheardthenewsthattheirarmyhaddefeatedtheenemy.分词的用法4.作宾补补充说明宾语怎么样或正在做什么。eg.•Ioftenseehimdoingmorningexercisesintheopenair.•Hecouldfeelhisheartbeatingveryfast.•Hewenttohisofficeearlyonlytofinditbrokeninto.•Haveyouhadyourtemperaturetaken?•Thecomputerdoesn'twork.Canyougetitrepaired?•Icouldhearhimbreathingquicklyinthedarkness