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非谓语动词之过去分词1.作定语2.作表语3.作宾补4.作状语过去分词1.过去分词作定语•（1）单个过去分词作定语，常放在被修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语，常放在被修饰词的后面。•eg:Thewrittenreportoftheaccidentwassenttothehead-officeofthepolicestation.•Theideaspresentedinthatbookareinteresting.•(2)及物动词的过去分词含有被动、完成的含义。•eg:Thegovernmentdecidedtorebuildthedamagedbridge.•(3)过去分词作定语通常可以扩展成为一个含有被动语态的定语从句。•eg:Heisfondofthefoodcookedbyyourmother(=whichiscookedbyyourmother).过去分词作定语1.Didyouattendthemeeting____yesterday?A.tobeheldBhavingbeenheldCheldDbeingheld2.Doyouknowthenameoftheplay__inthehallnow?AtobeputonBbeingputonCputonDputtingon3.Iborrowedabook__byMarkTwainfromthelibrarylastweek.Ilikeitverymuch.AwrittenBwritingCwaswrittenDtowrite4.Pleasedon'tforgethim.Heisoneof_____.AthoseinvitedBinvitedthoseCthoseinvitingDinvitingthose2.过去分词作表语（1）用作表语的过去分词表示动作的完成和状态，相当于形容词。eg:Thedooris/remainslocked.Don'tgetexcited.Heseemedquitedelighted.You'requitemistaken.I'minterestedinhistory.(2)表示：“感觉流露”的一些过去分词（如：interested,pleased,surprised,excited,frightened,shocked,disappointed)和一些过去分词（如dressed,drunk,devoted,lost,known,married)常用作表语，表示状态。其中有些仅表示状态，毫无被动意味。eg:Shewasverydisappointedtoheartheresult.He'squiteexperiencedinteachingbeginners.(3)过去分词作表语的固定词组beinterestedinsth./doingsth.beclosedtosth./sb.(接近）beengagedinsth./doingsth.bepreparedtodosth.belostinsthbedressedin__inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.ADressedBTodressCDressingDHavingdressed(4)过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别A用作表语的过去分词被动意味很弱，主要表示动作的完成和状态，此时相当于一个形容词。B被动语态的过去分词动词意味很强，句子主语为动作的承受者，后面常跟by短语。eg:a.Theglassisbroken.TheglasswasbrokenbyTom.b.Thewindowsareclosed.ThewindowsareclosedbyJack.过去分词作表语1.Theroomsare__,soyoucan'tmovein.ApaintedBpaintingCbeingpaintedDtobepainted2.Assoonasheenteredthecity,he__.AwaslosingBgotlosingCgrewlostDgotlost3.Whathehasdoneisreally__.Nowhisparentsare___him.Adisappointing;disappointedatBdisappointing;disappointedaboutCdisappointing;disappointedwithDdisappointed;disappointingby3.过去分词作宾补(1)过去分词的特点A.表示动作完成、状态或者全过程Ifoundthecountrysidechangedalot.B.及物动词与宾语是被动关系Iwanttogetmyhaircuttomorrow.C.不及物动词只表示宾语动作完成、状态或全过程，无被动意味。WhenIreturnedthere,Ifoundthebaggone.Wefoundthevillagegreatlychanged.(2)可接过去分词做宾补的动词A表示“希望，要求”的动词：want,wish,expect,like,order+(tobe)doneeg:Iwantthework(tobe)finishedbySunday.Jimorderedtheroom(tobe)cleaned.B表示“感觉，心理状态”的动词：see,hear,feel,watch,notice,find,think+宾+过去分词eg:Wesawthethiefcaughtbythepolice.Peoplefoundthewaterpolluted.C使役动词makegethavekeepleavelet等eg:Iwanttogetmyhaircuttomorrow.=Iwanttogetthebarbercutmyhair.D含过去分词的介词短语作宾补with/without+名词+过去分词eg:Doyouknowthemanwithhishandstiedback?Theyleftwithoutadishtouched.4.过去分词作状语（1）过去分词作状语，修饰谓语，大多说明动作发生的背景或情景，表示时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等。一般说来，这一结构的逻辑主语是主句的主语。通常能改为表示被动的条件状语从句。a表示时间Seenfromthespace,theearthlooksblue.Whenitisseenfromthespace,theearthlooksblue.b表示条件Keptinrefrigerator,thesevegetableswillremainfresh.Iftheyarekeptinrefrigerator,thesevegetableswillremainfresh.C表示原因Deeplymovedbythestory,thechildrenbegantocry.Astheyweredeeplymoved,thechildrenbegantocry.D表示伴随情况Shewalkedoutofthehouse,followedbyherlittledaughter.Shewalkedoutofthehouse,andwasfollowedbyherlittledaughter.E表示让步Beatenbytheenemy,herefusedtoletoutthesecret.Althoughhewasbeatenbytheenemy,herefusedtoletoutthesecret.过去分词作状语1.___areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.ANotreceivingBReceivingnotCNothavingreceivedDHavingnotreceived2.Before__,themachinemustbechecked.AbeingusedBusingitCbeingusedtoDusing3.__betterattention,thevegetablescouldhavegrownbetterwiththesunshiningbrightlyintheskyand___themlight.AGiving;givenBGiven;givenCGiving;givingDGiven;giving5.过去分词与现在分词的区别（1）语态上的不同现在分词一般表示主动的意思。及物动词的过去分词一般表示被动的意思。amovingfilm(主动）amovedaudience(被动）Seenfromthespace,theearthlooksblue.Seeingfromthespace,wecanfindtheearthisblue.(2)时间关系上的不同作定语时，现在分词往往表示正在进行的动作，而过去分词往往表示已经完成的动作。boilingwaterboiledwaterthedevelopingcountriesthedevelopedcountries(3)修饰的对象不同现在分词表示主语的性质，而且主语多为物；过去分词表示主语的感受或状态，主语多为人Howdisappointedhefeltattheresultoftheelection!Howdisappointingtheelectionis!(4)分词作表语时的区别表示“令人......的”都是-ing形式表示“感到.......的”都用-ed形式常见这类词有：interesting---interesteddelighting----delightedpleasing----pleasedsurprising----surpriseddisappointing---disappointedencouraging---encouraged