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宾语补足语英语的五个基本结构S十V主谓结构S十V十P主系表结构S十V十O主谓宾结构S十V十O1十O2主谓双宾结构S十V十O十C主谓宾补结构说明：S＝主语；V＝谓语；P＝表语；O＝宾语；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；C＝宾语补足语1．S十V句式Herunsquickly．他跑得快。2．S十V十P句式：Thestorysoundsinteresting．这个故事听起来有趣。3．S十V十O句式Theybuiltahouselastyear．他们去年建了一所房子。4．S十V十O1十O2句式Heofferedmehisseat/hisseattome．他把座位让给我。5．S十V十O十C句式Theyfoundherhappythatday．他们发现那天她很高兴。Ifoundhimout．我发现他出去了。TheynamedtheboyCharlie．他们给这个男孩起名为查理。Isawhimcomeinandgoout．我见他进来又出去。Theyfeltthecarmovingfast．他们感到汽车行驶得很快。Hefoundthedoorofstudyclosedtohim．他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。1.“宾语补足语”放在宾语后面用来补充说明宾语所表示的人或事物所发出来的动作，或者说明宾语的状态，特征，身份等。2.句子的基本结构主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：1、名词：Wemadehimourmonitor.Theythoughtthisgoodadvice.TheynamedtheirdaughterJenny.注①：常用名词充当宾语补足语的动词有：call,name,elect,make,think,appoint,choose,find,consider,keep,wish,feel等。注②：充当宾语补足语的名词若表示正式的或独一无二的头衔、职位时，前面一般不用冠词，如：TheyelectedJohnchairmanofthecommittee.2、形容词：Youshouldkeepyourroomcleanandtidy.We’dbetterleavethedooropen.注：常用形容词充当宾语补足语的动词有：believe,think,get,keep,make,find,set,like,wish,see,consider,prove,have,leave,以及paint,drive,turn,cut等。一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：3.现在分词：•I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforsolong.•Icouldfeelthecoldwindblowingonmyface.•Atthismomentshenoticedtheteachercomingin.可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：V-ing形式作宾语补足语表示的是一个正在进行的主动动作。常见的可以接V-ing形式作宾语补足语的动词有两类：(1)感官动词，如：see,hear,watch,find,feel,smell,observe,notice,lookat,listento...(2)部分使役动词，如：have,keep,get,leave...4.过去分词：HewatchedtheTVsetcarriedoutoftheroom.WhenyouspeakEnglish,besuretomakeyourselfunderstood.可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：V-ed形式作宾语补足语表示一个已经完成或被动的动作。能接V-ed形式作宾语补足语的动词也分为两类：感官动词和部分使役动词。（同上）5.动词不定式：表示动作的全过程或即将发生的主动动作，常分为两种：(1)带to的不定式，常见的跟带to的不定式作宾补的动词有advise，cause，allow，ask，invite，teach，tell，want，like，askfor，order，waitfor...(2)不带to的不定式，常见的跟不带to的不定式作宾补的动词包括感官动词，如see，hear，watch，notice，feel...和使役动词，如let，make，have...（注：在被动语态中，动词不定式前要加上to）6．此外，副词和介词短语也可以充当宾语补足语，如：Whendoyouwantitback?Whydidn’tyouinvitethemin?Wecouldhearthechildrenatplayoutside.一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：二、宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系：1、当名词、形容词、副词和介词短语充当宾语补足语时，它们和宾语之间有着逻辑上的主谓关系（或称表语关系），若无宾语补足语，则句意不完整。宾语补足语说明宾语的情况、性质、特征、状态、身份或属类等。试比较：Wemadehimourmonitor.(Heisourmonitor.)Youshouldkeepyourroomcleanandtidy.(Yourroomiscleanandtidy.)Wecouldhearthechildrenatplayoutside.(Thechildrenareatplayoutside.)二、宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系：3、当过去分词充当宾语补足语时，它与宾语之间有着动宾关系，即：宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，如：IonceheardthissongsunginJapanese.(ThissongwasoncesunginJapanese.)Ididn’twantthechildrentakenoutinsuchweather.(Thechildrenweretakenoutinsuchweather.)三、在用现在分词或不定式作宾语补足语的动词中，有些只能用现在分词作宾语补足语；有些只能用不定式作宾语补足语；还有的动词既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语：1、只能用现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有：catch,keep,mind,prevent,stop,smell,excuse等。例如：Shecaughthersonsmokingacigarette.Hiswordsstartedmethinking.2、只能用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：wish,desire,expect,love,prefer,trust,encourage,let,allow,permit,mean,lead,bring,put,hurry,cause,remind,ask,invite,beg,request,worry,advise,persuade,callon,tell,order,command,require,make,force,drive,forbid,warn,help,teach,show,assist,report,bear,waitfor//think,take,know,judge,consider,suppose,believe,allow,prove,declare等。3、既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：see,watch,notice,lookat,observe,listento,hear,feel,have,imagine,discover,like,want,understand,hate,get,set,leave等。Practice单句改错1.Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldn’tmakehimselfunderstand.2.WeallelectedJasonthemonitor.3.Theteacheraskedusnotmakesomuchnoise.4.---Whatanicefireyouhaveinyourfireplace!---DuringthewinterIlikemyhousewarmlyandcomfortable.understoodtowarm5.Don’tleavethewaterrunwhileyoubrushyourteeth.6.Hepushedthedooropening.7.Shelookedaroundandcaughtamanputhishandintothepocketofapassenger.8.Withalotofdifficultproblemssettle,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.9.WhenIcamein,Ifoundaboyhidebehindthedoor.10.Itwasapitythatthegreatwriterdiedofhisworksunfinished.runningopenputtingtohiddenwith1.Tellhim_____thewindow.A.toshutnotB.nottoshutC.tonotshutD.notshut2.----There’saholeinyourbag.----Iknow,I’mgoingtohaveit_____.A.mendB.mendingC.mendedD.tobemended3.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister____,todayhewasmade____byhislittlesister.A.cry;tocryB.crying;cryingC.cry;cryD.tocry;cry4.Theywouldnotallowhim_____acrosstheenemyline.A.toriskgoingB.riskingtogoC.forrisktogoD.riskgoing单项选择5.Ifoundthedoor_____whenIgothome.A.openedB.closeC.unlockingD.open6.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim___.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoD.donotto7.Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise____.A.goingonB.goesonC.wentonD.togoon8.Withalotofdifficultproblems_____,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled9.Iadvised_____atonce.A.himtostartingB.himtostartC.tostartingD.tostart10.WhenIputmyhandonhischest,Icouldfeelhisheartstill____.A.beatB.tobebeatingC.beatingD.wasbeating11.Youhadbettergetadoctor_____yourbadtooth.A.pulloutB.topulloutC.pulledoutD.pullingout12.Hemanagedtomakehimself____withhis____English.A.understand;breakingB.understand;brokenC.understood;breakingD.understood;broken13.Thedoctoraskedhimnottoleavehiswound______.A.exposeB.exposedC.toexposeD.exposingThankyou