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GrammarRevisionoftheAttributiveStepone定语从句的构成两个简单句：Amanisstandingthere.Themanismybrother.=主从复合句：Themanwhoisstandingthereismybrother.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词先行词一般是名词或代词关系词：引导定语从句的词Step2.关系词的种类关系代词关系副词起着代词和连词的作用，在从句中充当主语，宾语或定语起着副词或介词短语和连词的作用，在从句中充当状语Theman(whoisstandingthere)ismybrother.关系词的作用：①代替前面的先行词在从句中充当一定的成分②把两个句子连起来构成一个复合句Step3.关系代词先行词人事物人＋事物主语who/thatwhich/thatthat宾语who(m)/thatwhich/thatthat定语whosewhose/ofwhich★围绕高考来释难一、1、Doyouhaveanything__youwanttosayforyourself?2、Thisistheverybook__I’mlookingfor.3、Thisisthebest__hasbeenusedagainstpollution.4、WhatisthefirstAmericanfilm__youhaveseen?5、Iknowthethingsandpersons__hereferredto.6、Whichisthebike__youlost?7、Theysecretlybuiltupasmallfactorywhichproducedthings__couldcausepollution只用that的情况练！1.当先行词是不定代词allmuch.little.something.everything.anything.nothing.none.theone时2.当先行词前面有only.any.few.little.no.all.very等词修饰时3.当先行词是形容词最高级或它的前面有形容词最高级修饰时4.当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时5.当先行词既有人又有物时6.当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时7.有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另外一个宜用thatIhaveasister.+SheworksinShanghai.=Ihaveasister___________worksinShanghai.Translate:他想要见的人在上海。Hewantstoseetheman.+ThemanisinShanghai.=Theman______________hewantstoseeisinShanghai.Haveyoufoundthepen?+Youlostityesterday.=Haveyoufoundthepen___________youlostyesterday?who/thatwho/whom/that(that/which)Doyouknowthegirl?+Hermotherworkshere.=Doyouknowthegirl________motherworkshere?Iliveinaroom.+itswindowfacessouth.=Iliveinaroom________windowfacessouth.whosewhose=Iliveinaroomthewindowofwhichfacessouth.ofwhichthewindowExercises1.Lookatthelady_______nameisPochi.A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.that2.Thosepictures________weredrawnbyTomarenice.A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.which3.Thegirl________couldsingwellwenttoEurope.A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.whomStep4.关系副词先行词状语地点where时间when原因why/forwhichThisisthehouse.+Iwasborninthehouse.（介词短语）=Iwasbornthere（副词).=Thisisthehouse_______Iwasborn.=____which注意区别：Thisisthehouse____________Iwasbornin.(which/that)whereinWewillneverforgettheday.+wewillholdtheOlympicGamesonthatday.=Wewillneverforgettheday______wewillholdtheOlympicGames.____which注意区别：Iwillneverforgettheday____________Ispentwithyoulastyear.(which/that)Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelefthere.=forwhichwhenon判断先行词的步骤：步骤一辨别出先行词步骤二确定先行词在从句中所充当的成分步骤三查看有无特殊情况定语从句三步：第一找出先行词；第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；第三选择合适的关系词。注意：1.Thankyouforthebookyougaveittomeyesterday.在定语从句中，关系代词已代替了前面的先行词，所以在从句中不能在重复了。what不能用于定语从句中2.Tellmeanythingwhatyouknow.Tellmewhatyouknow.thattellsb.sth,3.在介词＋whom/which结构中，介词的选择Iwillneverforgettheday____whichIreachedtheGreatWall.Tellmethetime_____whichthetrainleaves.Thisisthehero_____whomweareproud.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson_____shecouldturnforhelp.A.tothatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom根据先行词来判断根据从句中谓语动词的固定搭配来判断onatofturntosb.forhelp4.（名词、代词、数词、最高级＋）of＋whom/which结构中，表所属关系，”…当中的…”Chinahashundredsofislands,thelargestofthatisTaiwan.whichThere54studentsinourclass,mostofthemareboys.whom5.在非限制定语从句中，需注意以下几点：①that不能用来引导非限制性定语从句②why不能用来引导非限制性定语从句，应用forwhiche.g.Ihavetoldthemthereason,forwhichIdidn’tattendthemeeting.③在非限制性的定语从句中，指人的关系代词作宾语时，只能用whom，不能用who替换，也不能省略Hiswife,______youmetatmyhome,wasateacher.A.whomB.whoC.thatD.whose④在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词有时代替修饰的不是前面的名词或代词，而是前面的整一句话。这种关系代词只有两个:which,asAlicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,_______cameasasurprise.A.itB.thatC.whichD.he_______isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What区别：a.which只能放在句末，而as从句则还可以放在句首或句中。b.从意义上讲，which意为“这一点’,而as却可表示”正如那样“，有些as从句已成了固定句型,如：asweallknow,asisknowntoall,asyousay,asIcansee,asisreported,asyoumayhaveheard……as,which非限定性定语从句由as,which引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于andthis或andthat。As一般放在句首，which在句中。Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,___cameasasurprise.A.itB.thatC.whichD.heItrainedhardyesterday,____preventedmefromgoingtothepark..A.thatB.whichC.asD.itas和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：(1)as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思(2）as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which。(3)当先行词受such,thesame修饰时，常用asIhaveneverheardsuchastoryashetells.Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.ThisisthesamebookasIlostlastweek.注意：当先行词由thesame修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同。SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary’swedding.她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。Sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore.她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。区分定语从句和同位语从句1．定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系(1)TheplanethathasjusttakenoffisforLondon.定语从句(2)Thefactthathehasbeendeadisclear.同位语从句2．定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；同位语从句主要由that引导，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由when,where,how,why,whether,what等词引导，充当成分(1)Thenewshetoldmeistrue.(2)Thenewsthathehasjustdiedistrue.(3)Theproblemthatwearefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmoney.定语(4)Theproblemhowwecancollectsomuchmoneyisdifficulttosolve.3.同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以(1)Theideathatwecouldasktheteacherforadviceiswonderful.(2)Theideawasthatwecouldasktheteacherforadvice.(3)Thefactthattheearthmovesaroundtheearthisknowntoall.(4)Thefactisthattheearthmovesaroundthee