v-ing形式作状语

v-ing形式作状语v-ing形式作状语时，用于修饰某动词或整个句子，所表示的动作与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。v-ing形式作状语时，可以单独使用，也可以在其前加上when，while，after，if，unless，although，though等连词，表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、伴随、方式等。1.作时间状语Hearingthisnews,shegotfrightened.听到这个消息，她感到害怕。Lookingoutofthewindow,Isawsomechildrenplayingfootball.Turningaround,hesawatigerrunningup.2.作结果状语Theboyranevenfaster，reachingtheschooloutofbreath.那个男孩跑得更快了，到达学校时累得上气不接下气了。Thechildslippedandfell,hittinghisheadagainstthedoor.Herhusbanddied,leavingherfourchildren.Theyfired,killingmanypeopleinthestreet.3.作伴随状语Hestoodbythewindow,watchingpeoplepassingbyhiswindow.Hecamerunning.Shestoodwaitingforabus.Hesattherereadingabook.Thestudentsranoutoftheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.4.作原因状语Beingastudent,Imuststudyhard.作为一名学生，我必须努力学习。Seeingnobodyathome,heleftthemanote.Notknowinghistelephonenumber,Icouldn’tgetintouchwithhim.5.作让步状语Havinglivedhereforfouryears,Iamnotfamiliarwithmyneighbors.虽然我在这儿住了四年，我对邻居们都还不熟悉。Workingorreading,shealwaysdidherbest.不管是工作还是阅读，她总是竭尽全力。Notbeingarichmanhimself,hehelpedthepoorgenerously.尽管他自己不算富裕，他却是慷慨的帮助穷人。6.作条件状语Heatingwater,wecanchangeitintovapour.把水加热，我们可以将其变为水蒸汽。Workinginhissmallroom,hemadethreepairsofshoeseveryday.在他的小房间里工作，每天做三双鞋。Usingyourhead,you’llfindagoodway.Workinghard,you’llsurelysucceed.7.作目的状语Hestayeduplateintothenight,attemptingtopasstheentranceexam.他晚上睡得很晚，想通过考试。注意：一、V-ing的时态和语态。下表以动词do为例说明现在分词的时态和语态的不同变化形式及其否定式的构成：1.现在分词的一般式表示该动作在与谓语动作同时发生或在谓语动作之后发生，完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动作之前，在句中只能作状语表示时间和原因。如：Standingontopofthehill,youcanseeasfarastheseaside.(分词动作与谓语动作同时发生)Thefishcaneatapersonintwominutes,leavingonlybones.(分词动作在谓语动作之后发生)Havingfinishedhishomework,theboywentouttoplayfootball.(分词动作在谓语动作之前发生)HavingturnedofftheTVset,hebagantodohishomework.2.现在分词的主动式表示动作是由句子主语发出，而被动式表明主语承受该动作。如：Beingnoticedbysomanypeople,shefeltnervous,notknowingwhattosay.Beinghelpedbytheteacher,shewilllearnEnglishwell.Havingbeenshownthelab,weweretakentoseethelibrary.Havingbeentranslatedintomanylanguages,thebookwaswidelyreadallovertheworld.3.现在分词的否定式是在一般式和完成式的前面加not(never)。注意完成式的否定式应将not(never)加在have前。如：Nothavingheardfromhersonforalongtime,themotherworriedagreatdeal.Nothavingbeenwashedinthecorrectway,thecoathasfaded.二、现在分词可以与when,while,if,though等连词使用。如：Whendoingyourhomework,youmustn'tlistentothemusic.Thoughhavingbeenwarnedmanytimes,shegottoschoollateagain.Whilereadingthebook,shenoddedfromtimetotime.三、v-ing形式作状语时，它的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语是一致的。Rushingintothedining-room,supperwaswaitingforme.（X）Rushingintothedining-room,Ifoundsupperwaswaitingforme.Whilevisitingastrangecity,aguide-bookisveryhelpful.（X）Whilevisitingastrangecity,youmayfindaguide-bookveryhelpful.四、当现在分词的逻辑主语不是句中主语时，可以带有自己的主语--名词或代词主格。这样的结构属于独立主格结构，有时前面还可加介词with构成复合结构。Springcomingon,thetreesturnedgreen.Hermotherbeingill,shehadtolookafterherathome.Timepermitting,we’llvisittheGreatWall.Heguidingtheblindman,theywalkedslowlyacrossthestreet.Weatherpermitting,wewillgooutforapicnicnextSunday.Withsomanypeoplelookingather,thegirlfeltnervous.五.固定结构：v-ing形式可以作独立成分，表示说话人的态度或看问题的角度。如：Judgingfromhisappearance,hemustbeaveryhealthyboy.Generallyspeaking,boysaremoreactivethangirlsinsports.Judgingfromhisappearance,hemustbeveryrich.Generallyspeaking,hisanswerisright.Consideringeverything,theydidagoodjob.六、V-ing形式作状语时，可以用相应的状语从句替代，从句谓语必须用主动语态。Seeingthepicture,Icouldn’thelpthinkingofthedaysinAmerica.(=WhenIsawthepicture,I…)Whilereadingthebook,shenoddedfromtimetotime.（=Whileshewasreadingthebook,shenoddedfromtimetotime.）Beingastudent,Imuststudyhard.(=AsIamastudent,Imuststudyhard.)Notknowinghowtodoit,heaskedtheteacherforhelp.(=Ashedidn’tknowhowtodoit,heaskedtheteacherforhelp.)由于不知道如何干，他请老师帮助。Meetinganywhereelse,wewouldn’thaverecognizedeachother.(=Ifwehadmetanywhereelse,wewouldn’thaverecognizedeachother.)如果是在别处见面，我们彼此会认不出来的。边学边练:1.Don’tsitthere_______nothingatall.Comeandhelpmewiththistable.A.doB.todoC.doingD.anddoing2.Thesnowstormleft,_______alotofdamagetosouthernChina.A.causedB.tohavecausedC.tocauseD.havingcaused3.Heglancedoverather,_______thatthoughshewastiny,sheseemedverywellputtogether.A.notingB.notedC.tonoteD.havingnoted4._______inawhiteuniform，helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.A.DressedB.TodressC.DressingD.Havingdressed5.Themanager,_______itcleartousthathedidn’tagreewithus,leftthemeetingroom.A.whohasmadeB.havingmadeC.madeD.making翻译下列句子。1.如果时间允许，我会去看望我的老师。2.我们发现他躺在床上，听着MP3。3.老师把三种不同的液体混合在一起，结果发现混合物呈现出红色。4.通过讨论，我们找到了解决这道数学题的方法。5.那位领导整夜未睡，考虑第二天做什么。6.挨了同学们的批评后，他不再去网吧打电子游戏了。7.由于年龄太小，小明不能当兵。8.过街时要小心。9.由于没有收到回信，他决定再给她发一份电子邮件。10.火车四点发车，十点到长沙车站。Grammar1.C2.D3.A4.A5.B翻译下列句子。1.Timepermitting,I’llseemyteacher.2.Wefoundhimlyingonthebed,listeningtotheMP3player.3.Theteachermixedthreedifferentliquids,findingthemixturered.4.Havinghadadiscussion,wefoundthewaytoworkoutthismathproblem.5.Theleaderstayedupallnight，thinkingofwhattodothenextday.6.Havingbeencriticizedbyhisclassmates,hedidn’tgototheInternetbartoplaycomputergamesanymore.7.Beingtooyoung，XiaoMingcan’tjointhearmy.8.Becarefulwhencrossingthestreet.9.Nothavingreceivedherreply,hedecidedtosendanothere-mailtoher.10.Thetrainstartedatfour,arrivingatChangshaStationatten.可以